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11 March 2015 Meeting Package1y11I► TiIILl [e] to] �MLlIWiTAmoU1'I [OIT /4:N PORT, WATERWAY & BEACH COMMISSION 11 March 2015 Meeting Minutes Chairman Barbour called the meeting to order at 4:00 and welcomed all. Introductions were made by each; the meeting's attendance sheet is attached. Chairman Barbour welcomed the Port, Waterway and Beach Commission's (PWBC) latest appointment Mr. Jeremy Wilson. The February meeting minutes were approved. The current PWBC fund balance was noted at $3631.98 following a balance reduction ($750.00) for participation in the North Carolina Beach Inlet and Waterway Association's (NCBIWA) 2015 Local Governments' Meeting scheduled at the NC Aquarium in Pine Knoll Shores on Monday and Tuesday, March 16 and 17. The following is registration information http:// www. ncbiwa .org /15LocGovtRegister.pdf. Chairman Barbour and Vice -chair Andrew mentioned presentation subjects of potential interest that will be covered in the program. A brief summary of the recent NC Water Resources Congress (NCWRC) annual Washington DC trip was shared by staff, Chairman Barbour and Kure Beach Councilman Bloszinsky. Current Business: New Hanover County's LNHC) Kure Beach (KB) Coastal Storm Damage Reduction (CSDR) Project Authorization The permits have been issued (NC Division of Coastal Management [ NCDCM] and US Army Corps of Engineers [ USACE]). Staff reviewed the authorizations with and provided copies to both Kure and Carolina Beach officials. NHC's Wrightsville Beach (WB) CSDR Project Authorization Staff has provided the contractor a notice to proceed. The contractor is preparing for a pre - application meeting with the agencies; a date has not been set. Mason Inlet Relocation Project (MIRP) A regulatory meeting including the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the NC Wildlife Resources Commission and Figure 8 home owners association was held at the USACE. Efforts in revising the biological opinion and management plan continue. Shallow Draft Inlet (SDI) Permitting The NCDCM and USACE are reviewing the application for completeness prior to formal submittal. Final submittal is anticipated within the next two weeks. Carolina Beach Inlet The USACE has scheduled a pre- dredge survey during the week of March 23. With known available volumes and considering the dredge plant Currituck's potential schedule flexibility, the number of dredging days will be evaluated. Shoreline Mapping Program _ rg am (SMP) 2015 The contractor is on "weather watch" for preferred ocean conditions facilitating the 2015 survey. The timing of the surveys could potentially support USACE efforts during FY16 plans and specification development for this fall's maintenance events on Carolina Beach (CB) and KB. CB 15 -year Extension To date, the USACE Headquarters (HQ) has not provided formal implementing guidance of Water Resources Reform Development Act (WRRDA) 2014, Section 1037. The study effort's scope, fee and schedule are dependent on HQ's implementing guidance. WB Economic Update and Validation Report The USACE has provided a scope, fee and schedule for updating the WB CSDR project's economics. The initial goal is development of a current benefit cost ratio (BCR) and supporting documentation assisting the FY17 and FY18 budgeting cycle beginning in the late winter of 2016. The project will be cost shared at 65/35 and the non - federal share will soon be requested of NHC. Federal funds are in place and non - federal funding requests are under advisement. The USACE has estimated the total cost at $333K. The Validation Report's scope, fee and schedule have not been developed. A separate scoping meeting will be scheduled by the USACE following the economic update's start up. The Validation Report will be the supporting documentation facilitating an increase in the current Section 902 construction cap. Once completed, the Validation Report will be used as Section 902 adjustment justification within the next available WRDA bill. Public Comment: The Chairman updated the PWBC of the ongoing artificial reef efforts off New Hanover County's coastline. Reef materials including Atlantic Reef Pods are being located off CB, Figure 8 and WB. Personal sponsorships for additional pod placements are available. Mr. Loving inquired of the PWBC's continued support of the NC State Port Authority (NCSPA) initiatives. Vice -chair Andrew reminded all of Mr. Cozza's presentation; staff noted the absence of NCSPA participation on the PWBC and the NC Water Resources Congress. Mr. Loving reiterated the historical efforts the PWBC provided during the Wilmington Harbor -42 foot project. Staff noted the potential of the US 421 industrial corridor and the attribute of marine access. Consensus was the PWBC remains a proponent of the NCSPA. Ms. Dawn York representing the Cape Fear Partnership briefly presented the goals and attributes of her organization. Attached is additional information regarding Ms. York's organization and her request for the PWBC's support. The meeting was adjourned at —5:00. T C 7 O v a O C R 2 Z C O E E U t U R a) co C R T R R tr O a �O W @1 ai tn 'I W O E Q LU L O R j W O .1 C7 Q jy jI I► TiIILl [e] to] �MLlIWiTAmoU1'I [OIT /4:N 4:00 Call to Order Welcome /Introductions PORT, WATERWAY & BEACH COMMISSION Agenda 11 March 2015, 4:00 — 5:00 PM New Hanover County, Government Center Finance Conference Room #500 Request approval of the February meeting minutes (emailed 13 February 2015). Port, Waterway & Beach Commission (PWBC) fund balance is $3631.98. NC Beach Inlet and Waterway Association (NCBIWA) will be holding the Coastal Local Governments Meeting on March 16 & 17, 2015 at the NC Aquarium, Pine Knoll Shores. Current Efforts: New Hanover County's (NHC) Kure Beach (KB) Coastal Storm Damage Reduction (CSDR) Project Authorization • Permit issued NHC's Wrightsville Beach (WB) CSDR Project Authorization • Project underway Mason Inlet Relocation Project (MIRP) • Permit modifications, re- consultation and revised management plan under development Shallow Draft Inlet (SDI -5) Permitting • Final NCDCM application to be submitted this week Shoreline Mapping Program (SMP) 2015 • Surveyor on "weather watch" CB 15 -Year Extension (Validation Report) • HQ guidance not yet finalized • Non - federal Risk Report RFQ close to advertising WB Economic Update • Proposed scope /fee /schedule shared with WB and NHC representatives on 3 March • Economic update (benefit cost ratio) by August 2015 (in time for FY 18 budget submittal) • Engineering modeling to start in March 2015, final economic report to South Atlantic Division (SAD) January 2016 • Cost Estimate: Total $333K (federal $216.5K, non - federal $116.5K) WB Validation Report (Supporting Section 902) • Scope /fee /schedule yet to be developed • Biennium cost update implications Public Comment: Adjourn s «� 11 The Cape Fear River Partnership was formed in 2011 with a vision of a healthy Cape Fear River for fish and people. The partnership's mission is to restore and demonstrate the value of robust, productive, and self - sustaining stocks of migratory fish in the Cape Fear River. Building on the momentum of the newly constructed fish passage at Lock & Dam #1, this partnership of key federal, state, local, academic, and other pshboj { W pot !j o!d f !sf hj po!j t !x psl j oh!Lphf u f s!po!d j t !n vnj . zf bs!bcy po!grbo /!Vtj oh!b!cspbe!sbohf !pdLpprtI boe!dbgbcj fif t -!x f !tf f I !Lp!gspvjef !rpoh. Lf sn 4 bcj rbu cbtf e!tpmgpot !g)s!d f !n pt dgsf ttj oh!d brfthf t!g)s! migratory fish. The partnership strives to measure achievement of our mission with the following targets: increased fish populations (as measured by catch - per -unit efforts, improved age structure, and other techniques), increased recreational fishing success for shad, striped bass, and river herring (as measured by creel surveys), and a ! sf .pgfofe!tu�ofe!cbtt!boe!sjwfs!i fssjoh!i bsvftUjo!d f!Dbgf!Gbs!Sj\Afs'! The following organizations are members of the Cape Fear River Partnership: B fIcbo!Sj\Afst!)BS* Buboyd!DpbtdWQti !I bcjrbUQm ofsti jq!)BDG 9 Dbgf GbsQtc#!Vg0z!Bvd psjrz!)DGWB* Dbqf G bs!Sj\Af s!Bttf n cm Dbqf Gbs!Sj\Afs!X bud !)D(TX Q Lz!pdX j m j ohLpo EjWDpsez !boe!Bttplbcft!.bd(!)ED' BI Fbhrf Jrboe!DpbrNpo Gbzf uf\1nfn!Q✓c#!X psl t!Dpn n jttjpo NPx f s!Dbgf !G bs!Sj \Af s!Q phsbn !)NDGSQ` ONpobrWdfbojd!boe!BLn ptgi fsjd!Benjojtudxjpo!)OPBB* ObcvsbrtSf t pvsdf t !Dpot f soN po!Tf svydf Of x !I bop\Af s!Dpvom! Opsd !Dbsp#b!Dppgf sbj\Af !gt i !boe!X j rerj# !Sf tf bscf lVoj d)ODDG( SV* Opsd !Dbsp#b!E f gbsLn f odpdB hj c#vnvsf !boe!Dpoty n f s!Tf svjdf t !)ODE B' DT* ! Ejvytj po!pdTpj rh !X bcf s!Dpotf soNpo!)ODE TX D* ! Opsd !Dbsp#b!C?psf t UTf s\ jdf ! Opsd !Dbsp#b!E f gbsLn f odpdFo\ jspon f oUboe!ObuisW8f t pvsdf t !)ODE FOS* ! Ejvytj po!pdDpbt dxtN bobhf n f od)ODE DN * ! Ej\ jtjpo!pdN bsjof!Qti fsjft!)ODEN G ! Ej\ jtjpo!pdX bds!Rvb0z!)ODEX R* ! Ej\ jtjpo!pdX bds!Sft pvsdf t!)ODEX S* ! Opsd !Dbsp#b!Obcvsbrh f j dDhf !C;phsbn ! Opsd !Dbsp#b!Tdxf lVojwf stj rzVOpsd !Dbsprjub!Dppgf sbj\Af !Fycf otj po!)ODTV!Dppgf sbcj\Af ! Fycf otj po* Opsd !Dbsp#b!X j retW !Sf t pvsdf t !Dpn n j ttj po!)ODX SD* E v I f !Fof shz! The Nature Conservancy (TNC) The Cape Fear River and Migratory Fish The Cape Fear River once supported thriving migratory fish populations including American shad, t Lvshf po -!sjwf s!i f ssj oh-!B n f sj cbo!f f r+iboe!t uo of e!cbtt /!.b!ddc+!bdd f !cf hj ooj oh!pdd f !31 d V oLvsz !d f! Dbqf G bs!Sj \Af s!x bt !pof !pdd f !n pt dgspevdq\Af !sjwf st !g)s!B n f sj cbo!t i be!j o!Opsd !Dbsprjub(!N j hsbLpsz! fish populations within the Cape Fear River basin have declined substantially over the past two dfouisjft -!xjd !dvssfoddpn n fs4btboejoht!98!gfsdfodrpxfs!d bo!i jtLpsjd!ftyn bLft /!Tdxf!boe!qfofsbrb bhf of f t !i b\nf !# j Lf e!ps!cboof e!d f !ej sf deli bswf t dpdn boz!pdd f t f !t of If t !Lp!gspLf ddd f !ej n j oft i f e! gpgvrbjpot- !f tLbcoi joh!i bswftUn psbLpsjvn t!g)s!ti psLoptf !boe!Buboyd!tuishfpo- !sjwfs!i fsloh!boe! tLAgfe!cbtt /!I bsWtdsfevcypot! boe !sftuodypot!bsf!jo!grbdf!g)s!Bn fsjdbo!ti be!boe!Bn fsjdbo!ffrah These protections alone are not enough to sustain and increase the stocks of migratory fish in the Cape Fear River. Unfortunately, the river's migratory fish suffer from numerous threats that impact their numbers. There are now more than 1,100 dams in the basin, including those built to produce hydroelectric power and store drinking water, which block fish from returning to their historic tgbx of oh!bsf bt !boe!d f sf cz!# j dd fj s!bcvoebodf /!Mb0e!dA1' j oh!g)s!ef wf rpgn f oc+!j oevt Lsz !g)sf t Lsz ! and agriculture can reduce riparian buffers (trees and vegetation along riverbanks) that serve to filter pvdf ydf tt lovL� f oct !boe!pd f s!gprm boct !cgpn !f oaf sj oh!d f !sjwf s(!Fohj of f sf e!x bd s!x j d esb( brt}! sftfWjst-! boe!joafs.cbtjo!xbds!urbotqf st!)x i fsf!xbds!jt!n p\Afe!cgpn !pof!sjwfs!cbtjo!Lp!bopd fs!g)s! human use) alter the amount of water in the river —an essential aspect of migratory fish habitat health. N bobhjoWN jhsbLpsz!gti One of the inherent challenges in managing fish, particularly migratory fish, is that they spend ! d fjs!* t! jotyocy\Afre!dottdspttjoh!pvs!i vn bo.dsfbLfe- !hfp.gprjljcbrt ltejdypot /!.b!d f!! Dbgf !Clbs!Sj\Afs!cbtjo- !tgflft!tvci !bt!Bn fsjdbo!ti be-! tu�gfe! cbtt- !boe!tLvshfpo!bsf!cpso!jo!d f!! vggf s!sf bci f t !pdd f !sjwf sr!boe!d f o!tx j n !epx o!Lp!d f !tf b!x i f sf !d f z!tgf oe!tf wf sbrfzf bst !cf g)sf ! attempting to return upstream to spawn and begin the life cycle anew. These treks span municipal, dpvoLy-- !boe!f \Af ocvbrm!t dxf !cpvoeN f t -!cvdf rtf x i f sf !j o!d f !dpvocsz!d f z!tgbo!j oaf soN pobrb cpvoeN f t!bt!x f nii! Migratory fish and their habitat provide innumerable benefits to the human communities surrounding the river. We know that these fish are part of the national $179 billion commercial and recreational fishing industry (National Marine Fisheries Service 2012) and that the habitats in and around the river that support migratory fish are critical to the ecological health of the basin. And we know that the quality of the river affects the health of the fish and humans. The river and its inhabitants are a large gbsdpdd f !dpn n voj Lz !i f sj dbhf !boe!dvrrusf P Recognizing the economic, ecological, social, and cultural importance of migratory fish in the Cape Cabs! Sjw fs! cbtjo-! boe! tu�v yoh! Lp! dsfbLf !b!tgjldpdg)dvtfe!dpnbcpsbypo!d bdLEbotdfoet!gprjljcbrb cpvoeN f t -!d f !n vrggrM del f i pref st !dpn qsj tj oh!d f !Dbgf !g bs!Sjwf s!C f st i j q!tf dpvdLp!ef \Af rpq! d jt! Dbgf! Clbs! Sjw fs! Cbtjo!Bdjpo!Qbokps!Njhsb4)sz!Qti P Dbq f !g bs!S j \nf s!Cbt j o !B do po !(bo !gps!N j hsbLpsz!q t i Vtj oh!d f !cf t db 4 rbcrfi!j og)sn bo po!boe!f yqf sdl opx rfiehf - !boe!cvj rdvgpo!d f !x psl !pdpd f s!f yj t ooh! dpotfsoNpo!grbot -!d jt!Bdopo!Qbo!bd opx rfiehft!tfwfsbrtgsperfin !trbrfn foLt!sfrbLfe!Lp!d fii fbra !pd migratory fish stocks in the Cape Fear River basin. These problem statements are nested under three goals. Sets of actions are designed to restore fish passage and improve habitat and water quality to revitalize populations of migratory fish and improve the overall condition of the river. The specific actions developed under each of these primary goals range from: assessments that establish cbtf rjuf !dpoej 0 pot 4'ej sf dddpotf &AN po!pdi bcj dxOef \Af rpgn f odpdsf hvrb- psz!boeMpmoLbsz!t Lshf hj f t ! that enhance conservation efforts; and outreach and education activities to inform the community, to identification of funding opportunities that support the work outlined in the Action Plan. These were dpodf j \Af e!bt !bdo pot !d bdcbo!cf !Lbl f o!tf gbsbLf rm-!zf dj o!b!gbsbnfdme!dppsej obd e!O i j po!cz!biv�bsj f Lz!pd 4 of sbrdt rbrf - !rpdbr4bcbef n j d-!j oevt Lsz !boe!opo. hp\Af son f oUDdpshboj { bo pot /! Dbgf!Gbs!TL� gfsgtd3123/ B dq po !(ciao !Jn q rfm f o Apo The partnership compiled a list of potential funding sources and established an Implementation Team that x j niubd !qsphsf tt !Lpx bset !d f !hpbrtlf t dbco i f e!j o!d f !grbo -!tf f I !t pmq pot !Lp!pct dxtfit- !boe!beltt yid f !grbo! as necessary. The Cape Fear River community will be able to connect to this process through the team's gvco i f e!boovbrtgsphsf tt !sf gpsLt- !gbsLof st i j q!x f ctj Lf - !boe!pd f s!wf ovf t !tvd !bt !pvu f bd !f wf opt !boe!! gbsLof s!x f ctj d t/! One of the first tasks of the team will be to establish a working group that will complete the development of a third goal for the Action Plan— engaging new stakeholders and increasing interest in improving fish passage and habitat conditions for migratory fish by communicating socioeconomic values associated with such j n gspvi n f opt /!B !gsperfin !t rbrf n f oUboe!bdq pot !sf rbLf e!Lp!d j t !hpbdx f sf !pv *f e!cz!d f !gbsLof st i j q!evsj oh! the process of completing the plan. These actions are designed to quantitatively and qualitatively measure the socioeconomic benefits of the conservation actions identified within this Action Plan, and to effectively communicate those benefits to the public. X f !bsf !rppl j oh!g)sx bse!Lp!x psl j oh!Lphf d f s!x j d !gbsLof st !boeit Lbl f i prof st !Lp!j n grfin f odd f !bdq pot !j o!d j t ! plan. Restoration of fish access and improvement and protection of habitat and water quality will produce outcomes that benefit the fish, wildlife, and people living in the Cape Fear River basin. The Cape Fear River Partnership Y///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////3 Fyf dv y \Af !Tv n n bsz! 4 Jo Lspev dy po l 9 B c pv dd j t !B dy po !Q bo l 23 Ciao ! P sh bo j { by po ! l/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /// 24 The Cape Fear River Basin! 25 Ti.bLvt!pdNjhsbLpsz!gti !TLpd t! 25 Ov n cf s!pdP ct Lbdrf !Lp!gt i !C btt bhf !//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////29 N j hsbLpsz!gt i !I bcj "boe!I bcj Lb- Vtf ! C/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////29 RvboyLy-!pdX bds!!///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////2: Rvb*!pdX bdsl C//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////32! 1 f bra z!FdptztLf n t- !Tispoh!Fdpopn jft//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////34 Bdy pot! 35 H pbd2 -!Sf t Lpsf !Bddf tt !Lp!I j t Lpsj d!N j hsbLpsz!gt i !I bcj "j o!d f !Dbgf !Cl bs!Sjwf s!cbtj o!!C //////////////////35 H pbrt8;!.h qsp d !I bcj "Dpoej 4 pot !g)s!N j hsbLpsz!gt i !x j d j o!d f !Dbgf G bs!Sj \Af s!cbtj o!V ///////////////42 Jn q rfin f o Eby po !!////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////59 .h grfin f odxjpo!Lf bn ! Y/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////59! Refinement of Socioeconomic Actions .............................................................................. .............................59 G/oej oh! 62 N j hsbLpsz!q t i !H rptt bszl Y////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////65 X psl t !Dj d el 67 Bqqf oej y!J; !Bd opx rfiehf n f oLf ! l//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////76 Bqqf oej y !JJ; !Kl t dpgBdspozn t ! Y/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////77 Bqqf oej y !JJJ; !Dbgf G bs!Sj \Af s!Cbt j o !N bqt ! l/////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////79 Bqqf oej y!JVV!DbrdvH3x po!Nfd pet!gps!E f J sn jojoh!! !!!!!!!!!!!!Ft y n bJ e !P sj hj o bdCpgv rba po !Tj { f t ! Y/////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////87 Bqqf oej y RN!Sf tv rrt !pgB n f sj dbo !Sj \Af stilOpsd !Dbspqub!Cbssj f s!Q3j psj y { by po !l)ppriV ////88 C bs j f s!C:j psj y{ N po!N bq //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////89 C bsOfs!C� psjy{ Npo! Lbcrfi!!///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////8: Sfgsftfo bq\Aft!pgu f!Dbgf!gbs!Sj\Afs!CbsLofsti jq/ L j t !j t !bhApruioLbsz!Bdq po!Qbo!ef \Af rpgf e!cz!d f !Dbgf !G bs!Sj wf s!C f st i j q/!JJpv *f t !of df tt bsz! d feasible actions to restore migratory fish populations in the Cape Fear River basin. The term 'migratory fish" is used in the context of this plan to represent the diadromous fish species that are the focus of the plan's actions. The plan covers actions within the Cape Fear River basin from the i f bex bd st !pdd f !E f f q!boe!I b( !Sjwf st !Lp!d f !n pvd !pcjd f !Dbgf !G bs!Sjwf s!j o!Csvotx j d !boe!Of x !I bopvf s! Dpvoyft!)tff !Bggfoejy!JJJ- !Qhvsf !2 */! The partnership created four workgroups to delve into issue -areas identified as important to conserve migratory fish: fish passage, habitat, water quality and quantity, and socioeconomics. The Action Plan involved n psf U bo!29!n pod t !pdgrbooj oh!boe!gsj psj y{ N po!cz!d f !gbsLof st i j q!boe!j t !voj r of !g)s!d f !Dbgf !a bs!Sjwf s! basin due to its focus on migratory fish, coastal and inland habitat, and water quality needs. P d f s!f ovyspon f ou cbtf e!grbot !boe!gbsLof st i j qt !d bdj ochaef U f !Dbgf !G bs!Sj \Af s!cbtj o!f yj t Uj o!Opsd ! Carolina. However, the Action Plan focuses specifically on migratory fish species in the Cape Fear River basin. Some actions in this plan are built from existing North Carolina and Cape Fear River efforts and specific species and habitat plans such as those described briefly below. Note that this Action Plan focuses on specific migratory fish goals and compliments these existing plans. The North Carolina Coastal Habitat Protection Plan (CHPP)(Deaton et al. 2010), drafted by staff from d f!Opsd !Dbsprjub!Ej\ jtjpot!pdN bsjof!Qti fIft!)ODEN G- !DpbtrbrM bobhfn fod)ODEDN * -!boe! X bds!RvbOz!)ODEX R * -!x bt!bggspvfe!cz!Opsd lDbsplul t!fovyspon fodxtdpn n jttjpot!)N Nof! Cat i f If t -!Dpbt LbrtSf t pvsdf t !boelFovyspon f oLbrtN bobhf o f odDpn n j ttj pot *!j o!3115!x j d !bo!pv1 dmti goal of long -term enhancement of coastal fisheries associated with coastal habitats. The NC Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) officially joined with this effort in 2010. The 1997 Fisheries Reform Bdcin boebLf e!d bUd f !bhf of f t !x psl !Lphf d f s!Lp!dpn grfxf !d f !DI Mboe!j n grfin f ocitvctf r of oci sf dpn n f oeNpot /lFvf sz!uc p!zf bst!b!gf ooj briah grfn f odxjpo!Qbo!jt !ef \Af rpgf e!Lp!i f rq!bci j \Af ! d f !hpbrt1boe!sf dpn n f oeNpot!pdd f !DI QQ!N boz!pdd f !Dbgf !G bs!Sjwf sQsLof st li b\nf !bdypot !Lp! dpn grfxf !g)s!d f !DI QQ!Tpn f !bdypot!jo!d f !Bdypo!Qbo!bsf !cvj rdgpn !bdypot!jo!d f !DI QC)!cvdd jt! partnership's scope is specific to migratory fish in the Cape Fear River. The Cape Fear River Basinwide Water Quality Plan )ODEX R *!x bt!gspevdf e!jo!2:: 743111- !boe!3116! boe!jt!opx ! vgebLfe !bdrfibtUf \Af sz!Lfo!zfbst!cz!d f!ODEX R/!.h grfn fodxjpo!pdd jt!grbo -!i pxf \Af s4jt! coordinated among many agencies, local governments, and stakeholders in the state. The goals of the cbtj o. x j of !grbooj oh!bsf !Lp!j of oyg:!x bd sir vb*!gsperfn t !boe!sf t Lpsf !gtn1vtf !Lp!.h qbj sf e!X bd st atp! j of oy g:!boe!gspLf ddi j hi !vbmf V t pvsdf !x bd st e boe!Lp!gspLf Wx bd st !x i j rfi!brrpx j oh!g)s!sf bt pobcrfi! f dpopn j d!hspx d /!Tpn f !bcy pot !j o!d f !Bdy po!Qbo!bsf !cvj rdgpn !qbt dcbtj o. x j of !grbot- !boe!dpvre! influence the new basin -wide plan. The North Carolina Estuarine Striped Bass Fishery Management Plan .x bt!gsf gbsf e!boe!bggspvf e! cz!Opsd !Dbsplul t !N lA of !qt i f sj f t !Dpn n j ttj po!)ODN CD *!boe!ODX SD!j o!3115!)bt !b!sf vytj po! Lp!b!2:: 5!Qbo *)ODE N Gboe!ODX SD!3115 * /!Jddpvist!d f !Bruf n bsrfi. Spbopl f !TLpd !boe!Df oubt Tpvd f so!N bobhf n f oUBsf b!TLpd !)x i j d !j ochaef t!d f !Dbgf !g bs!Sjwf s *!boe!dpoLb ot!tf cypot!po!d f ! status of the stocks, status of the fisheries, socioeconomic characteristics of the fishery, habitat, fish gbtt bhf - !boe!x bd s!r vb*!dpodf sot -Msf dpn n f oef e!n bobhf n f odgsphsbn - !boe!sf tf bsd !of f et/! Buboyd!Tdxft!N bsjof!Qti fIft!Dpn n Ottopo!)BTN CD *!Qti fsz!N bobhfn fodQbo!cps!Ti be!boe! Si \Af s!I f ssj oh!)B TN CD!3121 *;!Jo!Opsd !Dbspqub -!B n f sj dbo!t i be!bsf !j ochaef e!j o!d f !BTN CD! T be!boe!Sjwfs!I fssjoh!gti fsz!N bobhf n fodQo /!Bo!BTN CD!Qbo!x bt!bggspvie!jo!2: 96/! BTN CD!dpn grfxfe!b!dpbtuxjef!tLpd !bttfttn fodg)s!Bn fIdbo!ti be!j o!Bvhvt dpd3ll8-!x i j ! j oej dbLf e!t Lpd t !j o!d f !B rof n bsrfi!Tpvoe!boe!u� cv UA f t !x f sf !t Lbcrf0boeit Lpd !t rbcvt !j o!pd f s! systems of the state was unknown. The stock assessment further concluded that most stocks along d f !Fbt dDpbt dbsf !bdbmi j n f !rpx t !boe!bsf !opcisf cod sj oh/!BTN CD!bggspwf e!B n f oen f od4!Lp! the Plan in February 2010; this amendment specifically addresses American shad management j ttvf t !boe!sf r vj sf t !t dxf t !Lp!dpoevddboov brit bn gluh!ip!n poj Lps!Itwf of rfi!bcvoebodf - !bevrdt Lpd ! structure, hatchery evaluations, and reporting of landings, catch, and effort for both commercial and recreational fisheries. States are also required to annually monitor bycatch and discard of American shad in fisheries that operate in state waters. Nursery and spawning habitat for B n f sj dbo!t i be!x j nicf !f vbmbLf e!Lp!bttf tt !i bcj "ef hsbebrj po -!cbs� f st !Lp!n j hsbj po- !boe!x bLf s! quality. The Amendment also requires states to submit a sustainable fisheries management plan for all systems that will remain open to commercial or recreational fishing. NCWRC and NCDMF staff developed a statewide sustainability plan for American shad in 2011 that was updated in 3123!boe!i bt!cf f o!bddf qLf e!cz!BTN CV) ODE N Gboe!ODX SD!3123 */! Opsd !Dbq?djpb!X j rerj# !Bd pg!Qbo!)Opsd !Dbsprjub!X j rerj# !Sf tpvsdf t !Dpn n jttj po!3116 *;! The North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission developed the Wildlife Action Plan as a blueprint for the next half century for North Carolina fish and wildlife conservation. The grbo! gspvjeft !hvjebodf!boe!bttjtLbodf!Lp!pd f s!dpotf soNpo. n j oef e!bhf olf t-!pshbojjNpot-! joevtL�ft- !bcbefnjdt- !boe!joejvyevbrt!Xjd jo!d f! grbo-! gsjpsjLz!brvNd!tgfIft!bsf!oLfe!g)s! the Cape Fear River basin, including the migratory fish species of focus for this Action Plan. The qrbo!qpj oct !Lp!b!of f e!Lp!ef Lf sn j of !d f %wrnf sbcj rpz!pgtgf If t !Lp!d sf bct!tvd !bt!ebn t- !gprmLboct -! boe!tf ej n f odxjpo /!Jdtvggpsct!n poj Lpsjoh!Lp!bttf tt!d f !j n gbcU!pgebn !sf n pvbrtgsp!f dct!boe! tvggpsLt!ebn !sf n pvbdx psl / The partnership synchronized the best available information with expert knowledge to create this Action Plan. Specific actions throughout this plan aim to gather more information about the extent of factors limiting migratory fish recovery in the Cape Fear River basin. With this document as a guide, partners can confidently move forward to address current limitations to the migratory fish stocks. K\AfojrfiBn f sj cbo!f f rfa!ps!f rvtst/ Prior to this Action Plan, some beneficial actions were begun that will aid in enhancing aquatic connectivity and provide much needed access to and protect the habitat quality of migratory fish spawning and nursery grounds. These actions are described briefly below to illustrate examples of dpn grfxf etc poftp!n f f UBdypo!Qbo!hpbrt! In 2012, a rock ramp fishway was completed at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' (USACE) Lock and Dam #1. This structure provides for fish passage over the dam without removal of the lock and dam structure. In 2012 when about half of the fishway was completed, striped bass, B n f sj dbo!t i be- !boe!Buboyd!t Lvshf po!x f sf ! rbhhf e!bt !gbsdpdb!gsf rjn j obsz!j ovi t 4 hW po!Lp! of dsn jof N px !n boz!pdd f n M e!d f !rpd !ps! vtf e!d f !gbajbrm!dpn grfxf e!spd !ebn !Lp!gbtt! vgtuf bn /!C?psn briivbmNpo!pdd f !bcj *!pdd f ! completed rock arch to provide fish passage will be used to influence future priority setting for gbtt bhf !bLIV TB DFI !Npd !boe!E bn t !$3!boe!$4 /!! JWN 17-!3123 -!Bn fIdbo!Sjwfst!)BS *!sfrfibtfe!b! Cbssj f s!C N psj q J N po!l.pprVs!d f !t d f !pdO* ! Carolina. This tool will be refined to prioritize ebn V n pvbr pggpsuioj yf t !j o!d f !Dbgf KI bs! River basin that will benefit migratory fish (see Bqqf oejy!6 */ ,b!tvn n f s!3123 -!Dbgf !Gbs!Sjv&f s!X bLdi ! Aerial view of the rock arch ramp fishway under )D(5X *!boe!d f lVoj\AfstjLy-!pdOpsd Ubsprjnb! cpotisvdjpo!bdK" !' !Ebn !$2/ X j johLpo!)VODX *!j of4bde!b!x bds!rvb*! monitoring project to supplement NCDWQ regular sampling. This additional monitoring will dpnfidLicj prphj cbdboe!d f n j dori og)sn N po!cf uc f f o!Npd !boe!E bn !$2!boe!Npd !boe!E bn !$3! d bddbo!cf !vtf e!Lp!t uiez!d f !sf df ociboe!vogsf df of oLf e!cmf . hsf f o!brtibdtjj /f /- !ctbopcbckf sj brti crppn t !j o!d f !n j eerfi!boe!rpx f s!sjwf s'!E bLb!dpnfidy po!x j nig bn f !gtLvsf !tf bt pot !pdebLb! dprrfidy po!j o!d j t !sf bd !pdd f !I \Af s' Some coast -wide problems that affect migratory fish populations in the Cape Fear River are beyond d f!tdpgf!pdd jt!Bdypo!Qbo /!(.Ds!fybn grfF!d f!gbsLofsti j q!dboopdbeesf tt!pdf bo!gD4st!)tvd U! migratory fish caught as bycatch in commercial and recreational fishing), climate change, and other sfhjpobWLpst !pddvsloh!pvctjef!pgd f!Dbgf!gbs!cbtjo /!Ovdczdxd ! dpodfsot !bsf!cfjoh!beesfttfe!cz! the ASMFC and regional fishery management councils. 1 Bcpnf;!K/W !' !Ebn !$2!cfW!dpotrsvdjpo!! of the rock arch ramp fishway rapids. Right: Construction of the fishway was cpn grf►.fe!jo!Opnfn cfs!3123/ P shboj IN pot !boe!bhf o j f t !bsf !d/ssf oue!x psl j oh!x j d U f !hf of sbrtgvc#!Lp!n bl f !d fn !bx bsf !pdd f! importance of fish passage and water quality. Outreach actions in the Action Plan build on these ! existing efforts, specifically Local soil and water conservation districts and NC Cooperative Extension offices work with a broad bvej f odf !ip!gspLf dUboe!j n qsp d !obuishV t pvsdf t !x j u j o!d f j s!ej t Lo dk/!Cpd !bhf of f t !x psl !x j d U f! bhsj dvrrusbiidpn n voj Lz !gvc#!boe!gsjvb f !rboepx of st- !boe!t uref opt !boe!f evdx.pst /!Bdyvyyf t !sbohf ! from one -on -one training and technical assistance, to field days, to teacher workshops. Actions within the plan seek to find opportunities for synergy in outreach with the public. DGSX !x psl t !rp!gsprf ddboe!j n gspvi !d f !x bd s!r vb*!pdd f !rpx f s!Dbgf !G bs!Sjwf s!cbtj o!! through education, advocacy, and action. Supporting migratory fish restoration efforts is a big part pdd bUx psl /!D(TX N pret lWboovWi TL � of s9t rnix f f I f oe!rp!i j hi rjbi yid f !j n gp&bodf !pdd f !sjwf §t! fishery and to educate the public about the environmental, economic, and recreational benefits that a strong migratory fish population would provide for the region. As part of StriperFest, CFRW gioet! Lbhhjoh !boe!xbds!rvb*!tuiejft!rp!i frq !tdjfoytLt!cfofs!voefstLboe!d f!rW!czdfi!pdu f!sj\Afst! migratory fish and how water quality impacts the fishery. CFRW also hosts a full day of educational activities for families centered on migratory fish and the importance of good water qualityg, in our rivers. CFRW strongly supports making fish passage on the Cape Fear Rivera . sf b*!boe!i bt!bdywf re!bevpdbLf e!g)s!d f !dpotr.svcypo!pdd f !spd NJ !sbn q!! ` fishway at Lock and Dam #1. 2 The Action Plan is organized around three goals to meet the Cape Fear River Partnership's mission to restore and demonstrate the value of robust, productive, and self- sustaining stocks of migratory fish in the Cape Fear River. Actions in this plan are nested under problem statements (specific problems for migratory fish that the Action Plan aims to address) and targets (expected, measurable, ecological improvements) which fit under f bd !pdd f tf U sf f !hpbrfi lTf f !gbhf !24!g)s!b!ty n n bsz!pdd f !hpbrti-!gsperfin !t dxf n f opt- !boe!Lbshf Lt !pdd j t ! Bdypo!Qbo/ The actions are not ranked in priority order, but are listed thematically with time frames to identify which bsf !4 btj crfi!Lp!dpn grfxf !x i f o /lFbci !bdy po!j t !rbcf rfie!x j d Ut i psL+!n f ej v n !ps!rpoh!y n f g bn f !g)s!dpn grfxj po /! Ti psu Lf sn !bdy pot !x j nicf !dpn grfxf e!j o!zf bs!2 -!cz!d f !f oe!pd3124 /!N f ej v n . Lf sn !bcy pot !x j nicf !dpn grfxf e! j o!3!Lp!6!zf bst -!cf uc f f o!3125!boe!3128ffiPoh. !Lf sn !bcy pot !x j rrttbl f !rpohf s!d bo!6!zf bst !boe!cf !dpn grfxf e!j o! 2018 or beyond. Partners that will lead and assist with the implementation of the action are also identified. Bggqi bcrfi!gf sn j d -!tvci !bt lVTBDF!Tf djpo! 515- lVTBDF!Tf djpo!21- !boe!t dxf !Tf dypo!512!gf sn j d -!x j nicf ! gvstvf e!x i f sf !of df tt bsz!Lp!j n grfin f odd f !grbbl !bcy pot/ B nigbscof st !bsf !rjn j Lf e!Lp!j n grf n f oyoh!bdy pot !x j d j o!d j t !grbo!Lp!d f !f yd odgf sn j of e!cz!rIA !boe!! tvclf dULp!d f N4 rbcj *!pdsf t pvsdf t -!j o!bddpsebodf !x j d U f s!sf tqf dq\Af !bhf ocz!n j ttj pot- !gprjl f t-!! boe!sf hvrtxjpot/ X j m j oh�po -!OD/ H pbrt2'!Restore Access to historic migratory fish habitat. 06pcft !TLIxf n f oL12- !Obstructions block or impede migratory fish access to historic spawning and! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!ovstf sz!i bcj dx( LbShf L12; !Anadromous fish access is restored to the approximately 40% of their remaining historic! ! !!!!!!!i bcj LWU bdjt !c#vssfoue!ejtsvgLfe!ps!crpd fe!cz!ebn t/ H pbrM' !Improve habitat conditions for migratory fish within the Cape Fear River basin. 06perfm !TLIxf n f oL13 -!Tgb( of oh!boe!ovstf sz!i bcj dxt!bsf !ef hsbef e/ lbshf L13; !Fyj t y oh!sj gbsj bo!x f uboet !bsf !n bj o0 of e!boe!sf t Lpsf eCf of bodf e!j o!bsf bt !x j d !f \ jef odf ! ! of buffer loss and /or water quality issues. lbshf L14; !Sf evdf e!ps!f # j obd e!giLvsf !ebn bhf !Lp!j of u# bn !i bcj dx( 06pcft !TLIxf n f oL14 ;!The quantity and timing of flow in the Cape Fear River basin is altered compared! ! ! ! to historical conditions. The ecological effects of these alterations to migratory! ! ! ! fish need to be better understood. Lbshf L15 /!Seasonality and magnitude of flows support migratory fish needs at all life cycle stages. 06pc rfin !TLIxf n f o L15- !E f hsbef e!x bLf s!r vb*!)f /h/ -!f ydf tt !ov L� f opt !boe!j odsf btj oh!pddvssf odf t !pdcmf ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!lhsf f o!brhbftrppn t *!j o!d f !Dbgf !G bs!Sjwf s!boe!Opsd f bt dDbgf !G bs!Sjwf s!j t ! likely detrimental to migratory fish. • • • r hsf f • • • p• •• - • •• • p•• •• ••. • bs • •• •• • • • • • ••• 1 • •• (• • •. • ••- evdf!qpLf • • • • • •)s • •• lbshf L17; !Ov Lo f odj oqv clef dsf bt f e/ Q3pcft !TLIxf n f oL16- !There is a need to prevent adverse chemical impacts to migratory fish. lbshf L18 ;!.bgvLt!pdLpyjd!n fdbrti)f/h/ -!n fsdvsz *!boe!foepdIof!ejtsvgyoh!d fnjcbrtlefdsfbtfe/ H pbrt4; Engage new stakeholders and increase interest in improving fish passage and habitat conditions for! ! migratory fish through communication of socioeconomic values associated with such improvements. 06pcft !TLIxf n f oL17- !Socioeconomic benefits such as commercial and recreational fishing, ! ! ! ! !!!!!TLpvsjtn - !sfdsfNpo -!x bds!rvb*!boe!x bds!tvgq&bsf!jn gbdLfe!cz!dpoej4pot! ! !! ! that threaten migratory fish. lbshf L19; !Ft y n bLf !t pct pf dpopn j d!vbmf t !btt pct bd e!x j d !j odsf btj oh!boe!j n gsmoh! ! fish passage and habitat conditions for migratory fish. 0A L f !76 . psef s!Dbgf !G bs!Sj \Af s!j t lOpsu !Dbsprjnbit! rbshf t U1 \Af s!cbtj o!d bdj t !dpn grfd re!dpa of e! jd jo!d f!tdxf0!cpsefst -!xjd !jd!i fbex bdst!tufLd joh!gpn !opsd xftdpdHsffofcpsp!Lp!jLt! outh in the Atlantic Ocean at Bald Head Island. The basin covers an area of over 9,000 square njfit- !rbshfs!d bo!d f!trbrf!pdOfx!Kstfz!boe!d fsf! bsf! pvis! 7- 111 !njrfit!pdL�cvUAft!jochaejoh! g)vs!n bbps!pof t;!d f !E f f q!Sjwf s4l b( !Sjwf s -!Crbd !Sj \Af s- !boe!Opsd f bt UDbgf !G bs!Sj \Af s!)tf f !Bggf oej y! III, Figure 1). Over one third of North Carolinas population lives within the basin. The Cape Fear is brtp!d f !t rbrfl !n pt df dprphj cb m!ejwf stf !sjwf s!cbtj o -!x j d !t pn f !pdd f !i j hi f t dcj pej \Af stj u'!po!d f !f bt Lf so! tf bcpbse!pdd f lVoj Lf e!Tdxft!)1 brrtf dhI2::: -4Tifjo!f Ubd13111 */! The Cape Fear basin is the only major river basin in North Carolina to empty directly into the Atlantic Ocean. This direct connection to the Atlantic was important for early settlers who used the Cape Fear as Ux bz!Lp!n pvfld f lobwsbrtsf t pvsdf t !g)voe!j o!d f !cbtj o!epx o. sjwf s-!x i f sf !d f z!x f sf !rpbef e!poLp!pdf bo. going vessels for shipment overseas. These goods included naval stores derived from the longleaf pine forests that blanketed the basin, rice from the plantations of the lower Cape Fear and timber. The port pdX j m j ohLpo!x bt !b!n bbps!crpd bef. . svooj oh!gpsdevl oh!d f !Dj vyrtX bs-!boe!rbLf sot Lf bn cpbct !grjf e!d f! x bdsx bzt!pdd f !Dbgf !Cf bs!dpoof cyoh!d f !n boz!Lpx ot!brpoh!j ct !cbol t /!Bt !usbef !po!d f !sjwf s!j odsf btf e! so did efforts to make navigating the river easier. Over time, the river was dredged and channelized and rpd t !boe!ebn t !x f sf !dpot rsvdLf e!Lp! jD4 OW !ob \q hbj po /!! Tdxvt !pgN j hsbLpsz!q t i !TLpol t The Cape Fear River once supported thriving stocks of migratory fish including American shad, ! sturgeon and striped bass (Earll 1887; Chestnut and Davis 1975). Migratory fish populations within the Dbqf G bs!Sj \Af s!i banf !ef djnf e!tvct Lboy brm!pv1 s!d f !qbt chic p!df ocvsj f t !)Tn j d !boe!I j hi Lpx f s!3123 * /!! Bdd f !cf hj ooj oh!pdd f !31 d U oLvsz !d f !Dbgf G bs!Sj \Af s!x bt !pof !pdd f !n pt dgspevdywf !I \Af st !j o!Opsd ! Dbsprjnb!g)s!B n f sj cbo!t i be -!cv ddvssf oddpn n f sdj b t boej oht !bsf !98& !rpx f s!d bo!i j t Lpsj d!f t y n bLf t ! )Tn j d !boe!I j hi Lpx f s!3123 * /!.b!d f !rbLf !29111 !sjwf s!i f sl oh!x bt !d f !n pt df dpopn j dbrm!j n gpsLbod finfish harvested in North Carolina, and sturgeon was the most important fishery in the Cape Fear Sjwf s!) N dE pobre!2998 * /!Zbsspx !) 2985 *!sf gpsLf e!d bUt Lvshf pot !x f sf !t p!ov n f spvt !j o!d f !Dbgf !Cf bs! River "as almost to preclude the possibility of drift - fishing in the month of April" But by 1907, sturgeon had declined, in part due to blockages to historic spawning habitat as well as overfishing. This decline qspn qLf e!dpodf so!bcpvdd f j s!gtLvsf !boe!d bdpdpd f s!j n gpsrbodn j hsb4)sz!tgf If t !j o!d f !sjwf s;!Y d f! i j t Lpsz!pdd f !t Lvshf po!j t !bo!von j t del bcrfi!j oej dxj po!pdx i bUx j rrtf \Af ocv brm!i bggf o!Lp!d f !t i be -!brfw j \Af t -! striped bass, and other species unless ample provision is made for the survival of a sufficient percentage pdd f !boovbrtsvo!voyrtigb3( ojoh!i bt!f otvf en!)Tn j d !2: 18 */ Today, overfishing, declining water quality and habitat, and blockage of upstream spawning migrations have continued to limit these once thriving populations of migratory fish (Deaton et al. 2010; NCWRC 31164X j otrpx !f Ubdi2: 94 * /!C pgvrbypot!i banf !ef dsf btf e!hsf bue!jo!Opsd Ubsplub!)Bti rfiz!boe!Sbd f rti 312240DE N G3118-40DE N Gboe!ODX SDl311540DE N Gboe!ODX SD!31234Tn j d !boe!I j hi Lpx f s! 2012) and along the entire East Coast ( ASMFC 2009; ASMFC 2010). Specific population estimates are not available for all migratory fish stocks for the Cape Fear River, but available data verify the ! of qsf ttf e!obursf !pdd f tf !t Lpd t !)tf f !l bcrfi!2 * /!Tdxf !boe!gf of sbdW odj f t ii banf !rjn j Lf e!ps!cboof e! d f !ej sf W e!i bswf t Updn boz!pdd f tf !tqf dj f t !j o!d f !Dbgf !Cf bs!Sjwf s!Lp!gspLf dUd f!! ejnjojti fe!gpgvrbjpot/ I:i1i-I. •.ayT-!17 ro The Atlantic sturgeon population in the Cape Fear Sjwfs!jt!tvtgfckfe!Lp!cf!rftt!d bo!411!tgbxojoh!bevrd! (ASSRT 2007). The harvest of Atlantic sturgeon has cf f o!cboof e!j o!t dxf !boe!g of sbrix bd st !tj odf !2:: 2/! However, the ASMFC has recognized that fishery n bobhfn fodn fbtvsft!brpof!dboopdtvtL�o!tLpd t! of migratory fish species if sufficient quantity and rvb*!pdi bcj"jtlopdhAn rbcrfi!)BTN (D!2... */! .b!3123 -!OP B BR !OW pobdN bed of !gt i f sj f t !Tf s\ jdf ! 0 Lfe!d f! Dbsprjub!ejt0oddgpgvrbjpo!tfhn fodpd B ubo 4 d!t Lv shf po!bt!f oebohf sf e!voef s!d f lFoebohf sf e! Tgfjft!BcWbo!bcypo!d bdLIhhfst!tfwfsbnbeejypobrfi dpotfsoNpo!n fbtvsft !cz!gfefdxtboe!tdxf!bhfolft -! qsj vb f !hspvgt - !boe!j oej vyev brti)88!C5!6: 25 */ Ti pswptf !t uishf po; lbM oh!turshf po kps!n poj LO dY!Q pip!dpvsLf tz!pgODE N G The most recent population estimate of shortnose sturgeon in the Cape Fear River is less than 50 j oej\ jevbrtv!cbtf e!po!bobretjt!pdd)h& . dbqLvsf !ebLb!cz!d f !Ti psLoptf !Tivshf po!Sf dpvf sz!lf bn !j o! 1995. (Mary Moser, personal communication, 2013). The shortnose sturgeon was listed as endangered d spv hi pvdj d !sbohf !j o!2: 78!voef s!d f !Foebohf sf e!Tgf If t !C�f tf &AW po!Bddpd2: 77!)b!gsf of df tt ps!ip! d f! Foebohfsfe !TgfIft!BcU /!OPBM!ObjpobrtN bsjof!Qti f If t!Tf s4df!rbLf s!bttvn fe!Itsjtejcypo!g)s! ti pscoptf !tLvshfpo!voefs!b!2:85!hpdson fodsfpshboj {Npo!grbo!)49!C5!52481 * /!Op!i bsWtdps!czdxd of shortnose sturgeon is allowed in state or federal waters. A fishing moratorium has been in place in t dxf !x bd st !tj odf !2:: 2!g)s!t i psLopt f !t Lvshf po /! TLOgfe!cbtt;! Fxjef odf ltvhhftd!d bdpo&Usfn obodgpgvrbypo!pdtL�qfe!cbtt!sfn bjot!jo!d f!Dbgf!Gbs!Sjwfs! (NCDMF and NCWRC 2004; NCWRC 2012a). Based on catch -per- unit -effort and landings records, striped bass in the Cape Fear River have not increased in response to management efforts and are low jo!bcvoebodf !sf rbj\Af !Lp!pd f d0psd !DbspOb!sj\Af st!)Chod !boe!N ptf s!311240DX SD!3123b * /!Bti rfiz! boe!Sbd f rt1)3122 *!d bsbdLf sj {f e!d f !Dbgf !g bs!Sjwf s!t Lpd !pdt L� of e!cbtt !bt !tf wf sf re!ej n j of t i f e!j o! dpn gbsj t po!Lp!pd f s!Opsd !Dbsprjub!dpbt dA \Af st /!Tn j d !boe!I j hi Lpx f s !)3123 *!dpntdf e!4 x !t LO of e! cbtt!fhht!jo!grbol Lpo!tbn grft!Ld fo!cfrpx U f!d sff!rpd t!boe!ebn t!boe!jo!d f!gfen podbcpvflWd ! boe!E bn !$4!bsf bt !d bdbsf !d pv hi ULp!cf !d f !cf t dt qb( of oh!i bcj "g)s!t LA of e!cbtt /!Tisj of e!cbtt !i b\nf ! cf f o!gspLf W e!cz!ODE N Gboe!ODX SD!d spvhi Ui bsWt do psbr.psj vn !j o!d f !Dbgf !g bs!Sj \Af s!boe!j Lt! tributaries since 2008. Amendments to the striped bass fishery management plan are the preferred way the two agencies can change the management of striped bass in the Cape Fear River. The striped bass plan j t lgsplf cif e!Lp!cf Vvyf x f e!cz!ODE N Gboe!ODX SD!j o!3128!ps!3129/!! B n f sj dbo!t i be ;! The population size of American shad in the Cape Fear River is unknown but considered to be well below historical levels (NCWRC 2012b). Catch -per- unit - effort from electrofishing in the Cape Fear is similar to d f !Of vtf !Sj \Af s!boe!rpx f s!d Wf t o n bLf t !g)s!d f !lbs!boe!Spbopl f !sjwf st -!cvdd ptf !dpn gbsj t pot In bz!cf ! misleading because of differences in river size and topography at survey sites. In 2012, the ASMFC required sfevcypot!joil bswftUg)s!Bn fsjdbo!ti be!jo!d f!DbgfGbs!Sj\Afs!bt!gbsdpdOpsd !Dbsprjuljt!tvtLbobcrfi! fishing plan for this species. The status of American shad will be reviewed annually to ensure the stock is sf n bj of oh!tvt 0 obcrfi!cbtf e!po!tvt 0 obcj rjz!gbsbn f d st !f t Lbcrjt i f e!j o!d f !Opsd !Dbsp#b!B n f sj cboM be! Tvt 0 obcrfi!Qt i f sz!Qbo!)ODE N aboe!ODX SD!3123 * /!! Sj wf s!i f ssj o h; River herring are overfished in North Carolina (ASMFC 311: */!.b!3117!d f !ODX SD!f t Lbco i f e!b!i bswf t Un psbr.psj v n ! for river herring in all inland waters. The NCDMF under Sj \Afs!i f B fsjdbo!ffm The ASMFC's recent stock assessment for the American eel determined that the U.S. East Coast stock is depleted, but could not assess whether overfishing was occurring, based on the trend analyses conducted (ASMFC 2012). NCDMF ( NCDMF 2012) has adopted the ASMFC assessment results. The status of eels within the Cape Fear River basin was recently discussed by representatives of the four fishery management bhf of f t !)ODE N G!ODX SD -!OP B B !boe!VT(3K T*!x j d !beej ypobrtebLb!gsMef e!cz!ODE X RAU f z! dpochaef e!d bdd f !t rbcvt !pdf f rt1j o!d f !Dbgf !G bs!Sjwf s!cbtj o!j t !Lf d of dhm!vol opx o!)X /!Mbof z NTG( T -! personal communication, July 30, 2012). Currently, there is insufficient data to conduct a basin - specific eel tLpd !bttf tt n f oLPODE N Gi bt!b!njofnvn !tj {f!#jUpd7!jod ft!boe!b!sfdsfNpobrfdbLd !#jdpd61!ffrte'! Bra pvhi !i jtLpsjd! ebLb! bsf! rbdjoh! Lp! rvbogdxjv Af& efdsnjof !psjhjobrtgpgvrbjpo!tj {ft- !spvhi !ftyn bdt! g)s! gpLfoybrtgpgvrbjpo! tj {ft!cbo!cf!efsjwfe!cbtfe!po!i jtLpsjd!rboejoht!ebLb!psii jtLpsjd!tgb(ojohii bcj"jo! d f !sj \Af s!)t f f !Bggf oej y!.MNg)s!n f d peprphz * /!.bgw N po!j t !brtp!bt4 rbcrh!Lp!gspvjef !f t y n bLf t !g)s!dvsSF od gpgvrbjpo!tj {ft!g)s!tpn f!tgf4ft -!x i jd !jt!tvn n Njfe!jo!lbcrfi!2/! � 7 F Tgfcjft (pgvrxypo!gp�foybm SfdfoLlgpgvrxypo! ftyn bLft islpo9-811!)cbtfe!po!i cbtfe!po!i jtLpsjd! = 411!)BTTSU!3118* o ej o ht -! Fbsni2998* rBLulb,oqd!tu/shf �A�A�A�A�A�At �v-111 !)cbtf e!po!Lzobse! =61 !)cbtf e!po!sf df od : 8* ft 4n bdtAN bsz!N ptfs! of st pobrtdpn n voj cby po! 3124* o i bi be 558 -111 !)cbtf e!po!i j t Lpsj d! Op.L.IWb. rbcrfi i bcj dx +!Tii!gf ssf !2: 8: 7ibe A�A�A�A�A�A�A�A�A�A�A�A�A�A�A�A�A�A�A�A�A�A�A�A�A�A�A�A�A�A� oh ��ssj 3-411 -111 !)cbtf e!po! Opdb 4 rbcrfi i j t Lpsj di bcj �.kxlboeii j t Lpsj d! rboejoht -!Di ftcovdboe ! E b\jt !2: 86* TL�gfe!cbtt 211 -11 jtLpsjd! btfe!po! rboejoht!gpn !Di ftcovd F-11 i.bhhjoh! boe!E b\yt !2: 86!boe! gf st pobrfi of st pobrtdpn n voj cby po! j dby po!x j d !D/! x j d !D /!Dpn)f s -!ODE N G! Dpnjf s -!ODE N G boe!Wl j hi Lpx f s-! SV* B n f sj cbo!f f m Data A is insufficient to rqpqvrtxjpo!tjlf/ fficient jODDGC f sn j of !gpqv rby po ! !dvssf ocl pLf oy bra9 3 Ovn cfs!pgPctdxk t!tp!gti !Cbttbhf The construction of small low -head mill dams, locks and dams, and large hydroelectric dams over the past two centuries substantially limited the range of migration for fish (Walburg and Nichols 1967). For f ybn grfF!cz!2963- !22!rpd t !boe!ebn t !i be!cf f o!dpot Lsvckf e!cf uc f f o!Gczf of \ jnf- F!Opsd !Dbsprjub!)1 \Af s! I j rpn f Lf s!331 *!boe!d f !n pef so!ebz!tj Lf !pdO✓d i pso!E bn !)I\Af s!1 j rpn f Lf s!411 *!Lp!b e!d f !gbttbhf !pd company ships bound for the coal fields of the Deep River Coal Company (Thompson 1852). Upstream passage was limited except during boat lockage and possibly during extended periods of high flow )Oj d prt1boe!N Pvef s!2: 81 */! There are currently more than 2-21 Vebn t !j o!d f !cbtj o!)Opai ! Dbsprjub!E bn !Jevf oLpsz!3123* )Tf f !Bggf oej y!JJJ -!Q hvsf t!3-!4! boe!5!x i j d !t i px !t pn f !pdd f! major dams on the river. These major dams were identified from d f !Objpobrtabvf oipsz!pdE bn t -! d f !Bsn z!Dpsgt!pdFohjof f st -! ebn t!d bdOPBB!effn t! significant to diadromous fish dpotfsoNpo- !boe!Hpphrfi!Fbsd */! The most prominent obstructions Urd i pso!Ebn PQ pip!dpvsLftz!pgUofuf!Cbu.+!Bn fsjdbo!Sj\Afst/ fyjtyoh!Lpebz!bsf!d f!d sff!rpd t! and dams in the middle basin constructed between 1913 and 1934 and operated by USACE. These locks boe!ebn t!x f sf !cvj rdg)s!ob\jhWpo!gvsgptf t!cvdopx Vswf !qsj n IA re!Lp!dsf bLf !gpprt1g)s!n vojlgbdboe! j oevt L� bdx bd s!tvggre!x j d esb( brfi!! N jhsbtpsz!gti !1 bcjtbUboe!1 bcjt xlVtf The Cape Fear River basin contains approximately 400 river miles and more than 14 square miles of migratory fish habitat (Joe Hightower and Fritz Rohde, pers. com., 2012). The basin contains numerous f t Lvbsj of -!sj qlA bo- !boe!g)sf t Lf e!x f uboe!bsf bt -!x i j d !bsf !j n gpsdmdt qb( of oh!boe!ovstf sz!hspvoet !g)s! anadromous fish species (Wharton et al. 1982; NCDMF 2000). .b!rtxf !x j oaf sr!sjwf s!i f ssj oh -!t L� of e!cbtt- !Bubogd!t Lvshf po -!B n f sj dbo!t i be- !boe!pd f st !n j hshf !gpn !d f! ocean and lower estuary to spawn upstream in freshwater areas. After spawning, the surviving adults n j hsbLf !epx of u# bn !Lp!d f !rpx f s!f t cvbsz!ps!pdf bot -!x i j rfi!d f !ltwf of rf t !sf n bj o!j o!ovstf sz!i bcj dxt ! epx of u# bn !gpn !t qbx of oh!rpdx j pot !cv dt 4 mac j d j o!d f !g;f t i x bd s!rpx . t alinity system. Those juveniles tgbx of e!jo!tgsjoh!cf hjo!d fjs!tf bx bse!n j hshjpo!jo!rbLf !"Ti prbs!2: 864N bsti bni2- 87 -4Ti prbs!2: 88-4 Qtd fs!2: 8: 41 bx 1 jot!2: 91 * /!Bn fIdbo!ti be-!t uogfe !cbtt- !Buboyd!tuishfpo- !boe!ti psLoptf!tuishfpo! q1 IAm!tgbxo!jo!d f!n bjo!tLfn !pcjd f!Dbgf!C#bs!Sjwfs-!x i jrfi!sjwfs!i fssjoh!tgl3(o!jo!L�cvLbsz!dsffI t! )G/oef scvsl !f Ubraf2:: 2 */ Bn f dboff fdbsf!dxbespn pvt!tgfIft!d bdtgb( o!jo!d f!xjods!boe!tgsjoh!jo!d f!Tbshbttp!Tfb -!! rpdxf e!j o!d f !n j eerfi!pdd f !Buboyd!P df bo /!Mmvbf !ef wf rpq!j o!pdf bo!dvssf oct !boe!cz!d f! c Trrpx j oh!x j oaf sCtgsj oh!n j hsbcf !ip!g3f t i x bd s!g)s!hspx d !Lp!n bLvsj Lz!) Hsf f of !f dbrt811: * /!Ff rtl! n bz!sf n bj o!j o!g# t i x bLf s!boe!csbd j t i !t zt Lf n t !g)s!vq!Lp!41 !zf bst !cf g)sf !n bLvsj oh!! ! ! ! ! boe!n j hsbjoh!ip!d f !pdf bo!Lp!tgb( o!)Hsf f of !f dbrt1311: */ The availability of high - quality spawning and nursery habitat for migratory fish has decreased in the basin due to a variety of fishing and non - fishing activities. To protect some of these important habitats gpn !gisd f s!ef hsbebj po -!d f !ODN CD!boe!ODX SM b\nf !ef \Af rpgf e!t gf I brtef tj hoN pot !g)s!n j hslxpsz! fish spawning and nursery grounds (see Appendix III, Figure 5). Anadromous Fish Spawning Areas (AFSAs) are those areas where evidence of spawning of anadromous fish has been documented by direct pctf sAWpo!pdtgb( ojoh- !dbqLvsf !pdsvoojoh!lgf !gf n brft- !ps!cbquisf !pcjf hht!ps!f bsre!rbwd!)26B!ODBD! 14JJ1212!) c*!) 31* !)D *!boe!26B!ODBD!21DJ1713 * /!C� n bsz!Ovstf sz!Bsf bt!)QDBt *!bsf !d ptf !bsf bt!pdd f! f t Lvbsj of !tzt d n !x i f sf !j of y brtgpt u rbwbftf \Af rpgn f oULbl f t !grbdf !)26B !ODB D!140! /1213!)c * * /!Jorboe! PNAs are areas inhabited by the embryonic, larval, or juvenile life stages of marine or estuarine fish or crustaceans due to favorable physical, chemical or biological factors (15A NCAC 10C.0502). The ODN CD!eftjhobdt!QOBt!jo!n ftp.gprei brjuf!x bdst !vyrjffe!cz!fturNof!tgfIft -!x i fsfbt!d f!ODX SD! of tj hobd t !j orboe!QDBt !j o!prjbpi brjuf !Lp!g# ti x bd s!d bdj t !vt f e!cz!sf tj of odg# ti x bd s!boe!bobespn pvt ! species. NCM FC- designated PNA designations are afforded some protections from pressures of fishing (i.e., no trawling) and non - fishing (i.e., no navigational dredging). AFSA designations have some sf t u� dypot !po!ob\njhbrj pobrtesf ehj oh!x j oepx t/ Rvboy Ly-!pgX bLf s Water quantities in the Cape Fear River basin are affected by natural weather conditions, and by fohjoffsfe !dpoejypot /!Xbds!rvboyu?!jo!d f!n bjo!tLfn !pcjd f!Dbgf! Cabs !Sjwfs!boe!jLt!tAcvMft!jt!bo! essential aspect of habitat health as migratory fish need particular flow conditions during specific seasons g)s!gbttbhf!vgtu#bn !boe!g)s!d fjs!x bds!rvb*!i bcj "of f et/!C?ps!f ybn grfF!tu�gfe!cbtt!tvddittgtrm! spawn at optimal water velocities between 3.3 and 6.6 feet per second (ft /s) and adult American shad prefer water velocities between 2 and 3 ft/s (Fay et al. 1983; Mackenzie et al. 1985; Hill et al. 1989). These are general flow requirements for these species, which need to be better clarified specific to migratory fish j o!d f !Dbgf !C1 bs!Sjwf s!cbtj o/ Some threats to the quantity of water available for migratory fish include the engineered changes to the flows in the Cape Fear River basin due to reservoirs, water withdrawals, and interbasin water transfers. The USACE's B. Everett Jordan Dam creates the largest reservoir in the basin, capable of i prejoh!bm pt U7: /8!n jnjpo!c#vcjd!gf dpcjx bds!)X f b\nf011: * /!Opsn bTn-!x bds!gpn U f Vtfsvpjs!jt! managed in a modified run -of -river mode in order to maintain normal pool elevation. The instantaneous release requirement from the dam is 40 cubic feet per second (cfs), as long as a flow target of 600 cfs is n bj ad of e!bdd f !V/T /!Hf prphj cbriTvs\Af z!)VTHT*!hbhf !bdNjnjuhLpo -!Opsd !Dbsp!ub -!epx of u# bn !pd the reservoir. However, during serious droughts the target flow downstream at Lillington is reduced to extend the available storage in the reservoir, based on Jordan's Drought Contingency Plan. These kinds of flow alterations may be negatively affecting migratory fish. X bd s!x j d esb( brtlgpn U f !Dbgf !Cl bs!Sjwf s!i f rq!n f f di v n bo!sf t pvsdf !of f et !j o!d f !sjwf s!cbtj o/! E sj o I j oh!x bd s!of f et !g)s!sf tj of opt !j o!d f !cbtj o!bsf !n f Q o!gbsUcz!tvs_df !x bd s!x j d esbx brfi! b!2:: 84 d f sf !x f sf !89!x bd s!tzt Lf n t !j o!d f !cbtj o!d bdef of oef e!po!tvs df !x bd s!x j d esb( brtILp!n f f Ut pn f !ps! bnipgd f j s!dvt Lpn f sUesj o l j oh!x bd s!of f et /!C)s!f ybn grfF!dpn gbsf e!Lp!2:: 9!sbLf t -!x j d esb( brtivgt u# bn ! pgGczf of \ jnfn!bsf !gsplf cif e!ip!j odsf btf !: 4& !cz!3141 !boe!272& !cz!3161 !)ODEX S!3113 * /!Hspvoex bd s! withdrawals also may threaten the quantity of water available for migratory fish, although the role of groundwater in stream flow generation is poorly understood. Groundwater is the major source pgx bd s!g)s!sf tj of oct !pgd f !C rbd !boe!Opsd f bt dDbgf !9 bs!tvc. cbtj of !boe!n vd !pgd f !dpbt Lbrfi 0,f . region of the Cape Fear River sub - basin. Throughout the basin are 61 systems x j d U f !dpn cj of e!dbgb4 u?!Lp!gv n q!75!n j njpo!hbrrpot !qf debz!) N H E I! pghspvoex bds!)ODEX S!3112 */ 1p!n ff A bLfs!dpotvn gypo!offet!jo!Opsd !Dbsprjub- !tvs*df!xbLfs!jt!tpn fyn ft!LEbotqfssfe!cgpn !pof! I \Af s!cbtj o!Lp!bopd f s(!C:z!Opsd UbsplubMA -!j oaf scbtj o ksbot g st !pvi s!b!df &� o!d sf t i pre!sf r vj sf U certificate to mitigate the impacts of both the removal of water from the source basin, and the addition of water (growth impacts) to the receiving basin. The largest water transfers in the Cape Fear River cbtj o!bsf !btt pct bd e!x j d !d f !qf en podL4 be!Sf hj pobriX bd s!Bvd psj Lz!boe!d f !l )x o!pgDbsz!)LY! P hbm3 -!ODE X S -!qf st pobrti dpn n vojdWpo- !Bvhvtd4 -! 3123 * /!.b!2:: 2 -!d f !qf en pod L4 be!Sf hj poWX bd s!Bv d psj Ly-! received a certificate to transfer 41/6!N H E !cgpn U f !vggf s! E f f q!Sj \Af s!Lp!d f !belpj of oh! I b( !Sjwf s!tvc. cbtj o!boe!Lp!d f! Zbel jo!Sj \Af s!cbtj o -!x i j !j t! belbdf oULp!d f !Dbgf !C# bs!Sjwf s! cbtjo!)ODEX S!3113 * /!Dbszl! certificate was issued in 2001 boe!bvd psj {ftid f!Lsbot4s!pd 35!N H E !gpn U f !l bx !Sjwf s! tvc. cbtj o!Lp!d f !Of vtf !Sjwf s! cbtj o /!P u f s!tj { bcrfi!Lsbot 4 st ! j odvef !d f !l bsof uJDpvoLz! Sf hj pobriX bd s!Tzt Lf n du f ! Dj Lz!pdX j m j ohLpo!boe! Cf oef s!boe!Csvotx j d !dpvoLz! Lsbot4st -!x i j !bsf !tvggrjf e! j o!gbsdcz!d f !Npx f s!Dbgf !g bs! X bds!boe!Tf x f s!Bv6 psj Lz4 boe!ur,botqf st!pdesjol joh!x bd s! boe!x bt Lf x bd s!u# bLn f odgrbod ejtd bshft!cfucffo!d f!1 b( ! Sj \Af s!tvc. cbtj o!boe!d f !Of vtf ! Sjwf s!cbtj otP Ljxbrthvs!j�d !x bd s!j oaf scbtj o! LEbot jst!cf tx f f o!u f !Dbgf ! G bs!Sj\Af s!cbtj oiboeibelo of oh! cbtj ot- !cz!gvc"x bd s!tvggra tztLfn t!cbtfe!po!3113!ps!3115! tztLf n !qrbot!bsf !j rmtu�xf e!i f sf /! )ODEX S!3123 */! Rvbqu!pgX bLf s Water quality is an important component of migratory fish habitat. Fish require specific water! dpoejypot !Lp!tvddittgtrm!bdditt!vgtu#bn !i bcjdxt/! Dbgf! Clbs! Sjw fs! xbLfs!jt!brtp!vtfe!ejsfdue!cz!! i vn bot!g)s!esjol joh!boe!g)s!joevtu�bdx bLfs!tvggrjft!boe!sfdsfWpo -!bn poh!pd fs!vtft /!EjttprWe! oxygen (DO), water temperature, turbidity, and water flow are important water quality characteristics that combined with nutrient inputs define water quality parameters affecting migratory fish in the Dbqf G bs!Sj \Af s'!Gpx j oh!x bd s!j odsf bt f t !rfMf rtipdE P !bt !pyzhf o!gpn U f !bj s!n j yf t !j oLp!d f !x bd s! at the surface where the water is agitated. Water temperature also affects DO levels. Increased water Lf n of sbLvsf !qi ztj dbrm!sf evdf t!d f Mb#4 Lz!pdx bds!Lp!i prelE P /!Frf W e!Lf n of sbLvsf t!dpn cj of e! x j d !ov uA f odrpbej oh!dsf bd t !dpoej y pot ! jW1 oh!briibrtcrppn t -!x i j d !rfibe!Lp!i j hi f s!cj prphj cbripyzhf o! of n boe!)CP E *!boe!rpx f s!E P !)N bnjo!f dbrh3l l7 * /!Tvd !dpoej ypot!ef dsf btf !d f !r vb*!pdd f !x bLf s! migratory fish pass through and spawn in. DO concentrations below about 6 milligrams per liter (mg /1) can slow fish growth (Gray et al. 2002). Specifically, larval alewife and adult American shad and striped cbtt!sf r vj sf !E P !rfW rtihsf bds!d bo!5!n h"G/oef scvsl !f dhf2:: 2 * /!I j hi !dpodf oLsbypot !pdtvtgf oef e! solids have been shown to adversely affect various life stages of anadromous fish. For example, spawning bevrd !bApj e!bsf bt !pdf yu# n f !Lvscj ej Lz!)Tif f rt2:: 2 *- !tvddf ttgidtbubd n f odboe!j odvcby po!pdf hht !bsf ! sf evdf e!evf !Lp!f ygptf e!i bse!cpupn !cfj oh!tj rrf e!pwf s!) BTN CD !3115 *- !boe!tvs\ jvbdbooe!4 f ej oh!bcj *! of striped bass larvae was found to be significantly reduced in some areas with high turbidity (Auld and Td vcf d2.89 */ Inputs from the land adjacent to the Cape Fear River basin can affect nutrient levels and other water quality parameters in the Cape Fear River basin. These inputs come from a variety of land uses, including n voj I gbrpjf t -!j oevt Lsz !boe!bhsj dvrrusf /!Bt !pd3121 -!n psf !d bo!3!n j n)po!gf pgrfi!* e!j o!d f !Dbgf !9 bs! Sj \Af s!cbtj o!)ODE FOS!3123 * /!Bggspyj n bd m!23& !pdd f !rboe!j o!d f !cbtj o!j t !ef \Af rpgf e!boe!d f !qf sdf oil j n of svypvt !tvs_df !)gbanf n f ou!sppq -!f ui/ *!i bt !j odsf btf e!t rjhi ue!j o!d f !cbtj o!cf uc f f o!3112!boe!3117!)(3z! fUbrh3122*/l vscboj{ bxjpo! boe! gpgvrbypo! gsfttvsft!bsf!dpodfoLsbxfe!jo!d fivggfs!Dbgf!9bs!Sj \Af s!Cbtjo -! j o!d f !Sbrfj hi . E vsi bn . Di bqf rh j nAOczf of vyrrfi!boe!Hsf f of cpsp!bsf bt- !boe!brpoh!d f !dpbt dj o!d f !rpx f s! portions of the river basin (see Appendix III, Figure 6). There are 203 permitted industrial and municipal x bt Lf x bd s!ej t d bshf st !j oLp!d f !Dbgf G bs!Sj \Af s!t zt Lf n !x j 6 U f !Lp bftj t d bshf !r v boy Lz!gf sn j of e!Lp! 429 million gallons per day (NCDENR 2012). Agricultural nutrient sources also affect the Cape Fear Sjwfsl!x bds!rvbrpP/!Bggspyjn bdre!34&!pgd f!rboe!vtf!jo!d f! cbtjo! jt!ef\ApLfe!Lp!bhsjdvrrusf!boe! * t Lpd !gspevdy po!)Yj bo!boe!I pn f 0121 *-!x j d !* t Lpd !gspevdy po!epn j obd e!cz!tx j of !boe!gpvreaz! pqf shy pot /!B hsj dvrnidmisysbriiboe!g)sf t Lf e!rboe!vtf t !bsf !dpodf oudxf e!j o!d f !n j eerfi!Dbgf !9 bs!Sjwf s! Cbtj o -!x j d !n boz!rbshf !boj n bigm t !rpdbLf e!j o!d f !f bt Lf so!gpsy po!)tf f !Bggf oej y!JiJ !Q hvsf !8 */ (� x j oh!sb o!f wf opt !j o!d f !qf en pou)d f !grbLf b✓!sf hj po!vgt u# bn !pdd f !Buboyd!Dpbt LbdQi4 o * -! the main stem of the lower Cape Fear River can become quite turbid. Fine silt and clay runs off from d f !qf en podboe!vggf s!Dpbt rbdQ 4 o!boe!j t !d* f e!epx of u# bn !Lp!d f !vggf s!f t Lvbsz!)Cf of of uj !f d brfi3117 * /!U✓scj ej Lz!dpodf oudxjpot !j o!d f !n b o!sjwf s!bsf !gptj ywf re!dpssf rbLf e!x j d !sjwf s!ej t d bshf -!bt ! bsf !4 cbftb(if sj b!dpodf oLrby pot!) N bnjo!f UbriM3111IPWU f !n b o!t d n !pdd f !sjwf s!boe!j Lt kA cvM f t ! Lvscj ej Lz!boe!gf dbrtcbdLf sj b!dpodf oudxj pot !j odsf bt f !x j 6 !rpdbrisb ogxy bon pvoLt !) N bnjo!f dbriM3111 c *lboe! population density and specific land uses in tributaries are positively correlated to fecal counts (Mallin et al. 2009). Rain fall over impervious surfaces can alter flow runoff into adjacent streams and n bz!brrfs!x bds!Lfn gfsb<.vsfMX bds!Lfn gfsbuisQo!sjwfsjof!tztLfn t!jt!b!n bjo!dvf!Lp!jojybLf! vgtu#bn ! njhsbypo! g) s! tgbxojo[V! Tgb(ojoh!pdtL�gfe!cbtt!jo!dpbtr iP4\Afst -!! g)s!f ybn grfF!j t !L� hhf sf e!cz!j odsf btj oh!x bLf s!Lf n of sbLvsf t !j o!d f !t qsj oh!! ) I j rrti UW12: 9: 4G/oef scvsl !f UW 2:: 2 */ Tipsn x bLfs!ggf /!Q pip!dpvsLftz!pgODEX R/ Voyrisf df oue!tvn n f s!briibiicrppn t!)Bggf oej y!J1Pq hvsf !9 * -!d bsbdLf sj {f e!cz!f rf W e!ef otj yf t!pdbrhbf ! (>I 0,000 units /ml) or visual accumulations and surface films, were confined to the slow moving water dpoejypot!pdd f!cbtjo- !gsfepnjoWoh!cfi joe!d f!VTBDF-I!u sff!rpd t!boe!ebn t!)Lfoofez!boe!X i brfio! 3119 * /!G-ut i j oh!j o!d f !Dbgf !Cl bs!Sjwf s!j t !vtvbrm!i j hi !)Fotj ho!f Ubr1i3115 * -!sf evdj oh!sf tj of odf !y n f !g)s! algal bloom formation. During periods of low flow (as occurred in 2008 and 2010), algal productivity boe!cj pn btt !j odsf btf !evf !Lp!d f !tf urjEh!pcjtvtgf oef e!t prjEt- !rpohf s!sf tj of odf !y n f t !boe!cf of s!rjhi d dpoej 4 pot !g)s!briibrthspx d /!Cf sj pej dmzOn blps!brhbrtcrppn t !bsf !t f f o!j o!d f ku cv rbsz!t u# bn !t rbj pot -! some of which are affected by point source discharges. Sf t f bsci !j t !pohpj oh!Lp!ef Lf sn j of U f !tvj Lf !pdvoef s A oh!d)dq)st !cf i j oe!d f !f yd odpdsf df odbriibrtcrppn t/! Tj odf !2:: 6!u f ! B( 30i bt !dpnf df e!x bd s!r v b*!ebcb!gpn !46!t bn goh!rpdxj pot !j o!d f !rpx f s!cbtj o!po! bin pod re!cbtj t !)Bggf oej y!JJJ -!q hvsf !2!ef of bdt !d f !rpx f son j eerfi-!boe!vggf s!sjwf s * /!Ux p!pd f s!Dbgf ! 9bs!N pojLpsjoh!DpbrNpot -!d f l Vggfs !boe!Njeerfi!Dbgf!Gbs!Sjwfs!C btjot- !bV!dpntWx bds!rvb*!ebcb! on their respective sections of the river and the NCDWQ collects basin -wide water quality data. These tUDLf!ebcb!bsf!tvn n bsj {fe!jo!ucp!sfgpsct;!d f! DbgfG bs! Sj\ Afs !Cbtjoxjef!Xbds!Rvb*!Cbo!)ODEX R! 3116 *!boe!bo!Fovjspon f oLbrfiTj f odf t!Tf dypo!pdu f !Dbgf !Cl bs!C btj o!Sf gpsd)ODEX R!311: */ 3 fbna z!FdptztLfn t- !TLspohlFdpopn jft The economic strength of a community is often derived from the abundance of its natural resources ! and the health and well- functioning of its ecosystems. This is particularly true in coastal communities rp f U ptf !j o!d f !Dbgf G bs!Sj \Af s!cbtj o!d bdlef of oe!po!dif bo!x bdf s!boe!i f bra zfl bcj d xt !dp!tvggpsdl fisheries, tourism and recreation for their livelihoods, and provide a source of clean drinking water. North Carolina recreational fishing expenditures (trip related expenditures, fishing and auxiliary f r vj qn f od+!n f n cf st i j q!evf t- !W otf t !boe!gf sn j Lt !j ochaef a *!x f sf !dbrdvrtxf e!bdln psf U bo!0/2/6!cj n )po!j o! 3122!)VTG( Tl3122 */!.b!3121 -!n psf U bo!44- 111lgf pgrfi!jo!Opsd Ubsprjub!x f sf !f n grpzf e!jo!d f !dpvsjtn ! boe!sf dsf N po!j oevt dSZ-!x j d U f s!x bhf t !dpdbrjuh!bm pt 41°/611 !n j n )po!)Obdj poWP df bo!Fdlpopn j dt ! Program Database 2010). And in 2011, the total commercial fish landings in North Carolina for all tof I f t !x bt !vbmf e!bdln psf U bo!0/82!n j n)po- !0/2/27!n j njpo!pdx i j d !x bt !bud cvdf e!dp!rboej oht !pdt L8 of e! cbtt!brpof !)ONpobrM 1A of !qt i f If t Msvjdf !3122 * /!X j 6 pvd dpotf s4ijpo!bcd pot!dp!gtsd f s!gspdf ddlboe! restore habitat and improve access for migratory fish, the communities in the Cape Fear River basin stand dp!rptf Urpd( Tp J pf dpopn j d!btt f tt n f odt !dpoevckf e!j o!pd f s!cbtj of !boe!x bdf st i f et !cf hj o!dp!hj wf !vt Uq ddvsf !pdd f ! socioeconomic benefits that we can expect from the conservation actions in this Plan. For example, the removal of the Elwha Dam in Washington State is projected to result in $138 million in aggregate benefits over 10 years (Loomis 1996). In Clallam County, Washington, the benefits from the removal of the Elwha Dam are expected to occur through an increase in sales by the fishing industry, a growth in hotel and sftdbvsbodlsfdfjgdt- !boe!g;pn !tbrft!gpn !beejdjpobrt gsfe!ps!dpn n vdjoh!sftjefodt!n pvyoh!dp!d f!dpvodz! to enjoy its amenities (Battelle 2007). The removal of four dams on the Lower Snake River was estimated to result in benefits ranging from $206 million to more than $2 billion depending on the number of vytjdps!ebzt!jo!d f!sjwfs!cbtjo!)Wpnjt!2... * /!B!3112!tdvez!pdd flVggfs!Lrhn bd !Cbtjo!jolPsfhpo!boe! Db*sojb!g)voe!d Qodsfbtjoh!tbm po! gpgvrbjpot! dpvre! brtp! rfibe !dp!bo!jodsfbtf!jo!bpct -!xjd lfbd ! beejdjpobd2- 111!dpn n fsdjbr&cbvhi dltbm po! hfofsbdjoh !2/6!Ipct!)Lsvtf!boe!Tci pt!3118 */! N Pdbrtidvejft!hV!ti px U bald fsf!jt!b!efn boe !g)s!dpotfsoNpo!bcd\lgft /!,b!d f!Dbgf!Gbs!Sjwfs!cbtjo -! t dvej f t !i banf !cf f o!dpoevddf e!dp!ef df sn j of U f !x j njuhof tt !pdsf tj of odt !j o!d f !cbtj o!dp!gbz!g)s!j n gsp\Af e! x bdf s!r vW!.b!pof !t dvez!j dlx bt !g)voe!d bdlOf x !I bopwf s!Dpvodz!sf tj of odt !x f sf !x j n)uh!dp!gbz!°/d86! of s!qf st po!gf s!zf bs!g)s!6!zf bst !f wf o!j dd f z!of wf s!gf rtld f z!x pvre!vtf !d f !sjwf sr!boe!vq!dp!° /437!gf s!qf st po! of s!zf bs!g)s!6!zf bst!j dd f z!ej e!gff rhj f z!x pvre!vtf !d f !sjwf s!)E vn bt!f dlbrii3116 * /!.b!bopd f s!tvswf z ! sf tj of odt !pdE vsi bn -!X bl f !boe!P sbohf !dpvodjf t- !bnigbsum!rpdxf e!j o!d f !Dbgf !G bs!Sjwf s!cbtj o -!x f sf ! x j *h!dp!gbz!cf dx f f o! %/47!boe!°/d1/51 !qf s!n pod !g)s!dpotf soN po!vgt u f bn !pdd f j s!x bdf s!j odbl f -!boe! x f sf !x j n)uh!dp!gbz!cf dx f f o!°ld /85!boe!% !qf s!n pod !g)s!dpotf soN po!epx of dsf bn !pdd fj s!x bdf s!j odbl f ! (Jihyung Joo 2011). Thus, improved water quality is valuable to people and is an important aspect to maintaining fish habitat. The actions in this plan are important for Cape Fear residents who rely on improved fish access, water quality and habitat to support fisheries, tourism and recreation, as well as to provide clean drinking water. Likewise, measuring the socioeconomic benefits of these actions is critical to providing land and water sf t pvsdf !n bobhf st !x j d U f !ebdb!d f z!of f e!dp!n bl f !ef J tj pot !boe!g1 psj dj {f !bcd pot /! Hpbrt2;!SftLpsF!BddFtt!Lp!1 jtLpsjd!N jhsbLpsz!gti !1 bcjdXljo!d f !Dbgf !Gbs!Sj\Afs!cbtjo! Cspuhn !TLbif n f oL12- !Obstructions block or impede migratory fish access to historic spawning and ovstf sz!i bcj LbU Restoring migratory fish access to historic spawning and nursery habitats will help rebuild currently of qsf ttf e!gpgvrbjpot!Lp!tvqqpsdi f bra z!f dptzt d n t lboeitvt L� obcrfi!sf dsf Wpobrtboe!dpn n f sdj brh fisheries. The historic and current spawning habitats of migratory species in the Cape Fear River are known for some but not all of the species that are the focus of this Action Plan. The Smiley Falls area near Fsx j o -!OD!j o!d f !N j eerfi!Cbtj o!pdd f !Dbgf !C# bs!Sj \Af s!n bz!cf !j n gpsrbodi j t Lpsj d!tgb3( of oh!hspvoet !g)s! many of these migratory fish species (J. Hightower, NCCFWRU, personal communication, July 31, 2012; Oj d prtiboe!Npvef s!2: 814X j of rpx !f Ubrii2: 94 * /!I px f \Af s-!bddf tt !Lp!d j t !bsf b!boe!Lp!pd f s!rp f re!i j t LpI d! tgb3( of oh!bsf bt !j o!d f !E f f q!Sjwf s!j t !crpd f e!cz!tf \Af sbrtin bbps!ebn t/! Specific information about the historic and current spawning habitats of the migratory species of focus in d j t !bdy po!grbo!bsf !ef W1 cf e!cf rpx !)t f f !Bggf oej ylJ,J PQ hvsf t !3- !4- !boe!5!g)s!rpdW po!sf qf sf odf t !cf rpx */! . B n f s dbo!t i be!boe!t LO of e!cbtt -IThe Smiley Falls area is generally considered to be the historical spawning grounds for American shad in the Cape Fear River (Nichols and Louder 1970). The Tn j rfiz!Gmtibsf b!dpvre!cf !d f !i jtLpsjdDr tgb3( ojoh!hspvoet!g)s!t LAgf e!cbtt!bt!x f ni)WI j hi Lpx f s-! ODDG( SV -!qf st pobrtdpn n voj dxj po -lK &42-431231 px f \Af s!d f !vgqf s!rjn j dpdi j t r.psj d!tgb( of oh! i bcj" g)s!tuAofe!cbtt!jt!hfofsbrm!vol opx o /!Bn fsjdbo!ti beii banf!brtp!i jtLpIdbrm!tgb3( ofe!jo!bo! bsf blpdd f !E f f q!Sj \Af s!) bbd t po!f Uhf2882 */! Tn j d !boe!I j hi rpx f s!)3123 *!vtf e!f hh!t bn grjuh!boe!Lbhhj oh!n f d pet !j o!3118!boe!3119!Lp!f ybn j of ! the effects of the three USACE's Lock and Dams on migration and spawning of shad and striped bass. Thirty -five percent of tagged shad and 25% of striped bass migrated upstream of Lock and Dam $4A px f \Af s4d f z!g)voe!d bin pt pit i be!tgbx of oh!Lppl !grbdf !epx of u# bn !pdWd !boe!E bn !$2 -! and most striped bass spawning occurred between Lock and Dams #2 and #3. The study concluded d bUbni pv hi U f !&ssf odrpd j oh!qsphsbn !gspvjef tit pn f !)tvct rboy brm!rjn j d e *!bddf tt !Lp!i j t Lpsj dxfi spawning habitat, further improvements in fish passage would benefit both species. The current extent of spawning migrations for American shad and striped bass are not known with df &4 oLz !cv db!sf bt pobcrfi!f t y n bd !pdd f !f yd odcbo!cf !ef d sn j of e!cz!Ld j oh!b!x f j hi d e!banf sbhf ! of the distances upstream where tagged fish were detected (based on Smith and Hightower 2012), sf tvnjoh!j o!b!n fbo!vgtu#bn !ejtrbodf!pd21: ! sjv Afs! njrft! g)s! tLAgfe! cbtt!)ofbs!CbzfufvyrrfF!OD *!boe! 233!1 \Af s!n j fit !g)s!B n f sj cbo!t i be!)of bs!X bef -!OD */ • Sj \Af s!i f ssj oh;!The majority of spawning habitat for river herring lies below Lock and Dam #1 j o!d f !n b o!t Lf n !pdd f !Dbgf !G bs!Sjwf s!bt !x f nibt !j o!d f !Opsd f bt UDbgf KI bs!Sjwf s!boe!pd f s! L� cv dx j f t 4 j d U f !i j t rpsj d!vgt u# bn !f yd odsf bd j oh!Lp!Tn j rfiz!Gmti)X j of rpx !f Ubdi2: 944.Oj d prti boe!Npvef s!2: 81 */ . Buboyd!tuishf po!boe!ti psLoptf !tuvshf po ;!Tn jrfiz!Gmtin bz!W!cf !d f !i jtLp1cbr tqb( ojoh! hspvoet!g)s!Buboyd!t Lvshf po!boe!ti psLoptf !tLvshf po!)WI j hi Lpx f s- !ODDG( SV -!qf stpobrti dpn n voj dW po -W m!42- !3123 *4i px f \Af s4d f !vgqf s!rjn j d !pdi j t Lpsj d!t gbx of oh!i bcj "g)s! d f tf !tqf If t!bsf !hf of sbrm!vol opx o /!Npd !boe!E bn !$2!jt!gspcbcre!d f !cbvssf odf yd odpd Buboyd!t Lvshf po!n j hsbypo!j o!d f !Dbgf !Cl bs!Sjwf s!)cbtf e!po!N ptf s!f dhI2. : 9 */ IN Bn f bo!ffm •!B n f sj dbo if f rti; it j t Lpsj dbrisf dpset !)Opsu !Dbsp#b!N vtf vn !pdObuisbffJ f odf t !3123 *!boe!t u# bn ! tbn grjuh!ebLb!cgpn !ODEX R!)vogvcoi fe!ebLb!gpn !Cszo!l !ODEX R *!tvhhftdd bdebn t!bsf! i j oef sj oh- !cvUopdf oysf m!crpd j oh -!f f rtlgpn U fj s!vgt u# bn !n j hsbj pot !boe!sf dsvj Ln f oULp!d f! f oysf !cbtj o /!Tj Lf t !x j d !rbshf s!ov n cf st !pdf f rtibsf !dpodf ocslxf e!j o!d f !Dpbt LhiQ -� o!sf hj po!pdd f! cbtj o -!x j d !rpx f s!ov n cf st !cgpn !j orboe!tj Lf t/ .b!2: 734d spvhi !bo!bhsffn foUbn poh!ODX SD- lVTBDF- !boelVTG( T- !b!gsphsbn !xbt!jn grfin foLfe!jo! which the lock at each of USACE's three Lock and Dams was used for moving fish upstream to continue d fjs!tgl3(ojoh!svot!jo!d f! njeerfi !Dbgf!Clbs!Sjwfs!cbtjo!)Qtd fs!2:91 -4Nptfs!fUbM3111 * /!Ojd prtiboe! Npvef s!)2: 81 *!f t y n bd e!d bdcf uc f f o!2: 73!boe!2: 774: -881!B n f sj cbo!t i be!gbttf e!d spv hi !Npd !boe! E bn !$2!)d f !rpx f sn ptUtrsvckvsf *- !boe!pore!61!gbttf e!bdNpd !boe!E bn !$4!)d f !vggf sn ptUtLsvcWsf */ Although construction of the rock arch ramp fishway at Lock and Dam #1 is complete, the USACE's Npd !boe!E bn t!$3!boe!$4!sf n bj o!boe!dpoyovf !Lp!crpd !tgbx of oh!svot!Lp!Tn j rfiz!GxitY!Sf t Lpsj oh!hsf bLf s! fish passage beyond these two barriers is critical to rebuilding migratory fish populations in the Cape Fear River and a top priority of this Action Plan. These actions may increase the availability of spawning habitat above Lock and Dam #3. If a sufficient number of fish access habitat above Lock and Dam #3, then detailed field studies in that section of the river will be warranted in order to evaluate use of the of x reiW4 rbcrfi!tgl3( of oh!i bcj Uxi Bdditt!Lp!d flEffq!Sj\Afs!boe!i jtLpsjd!tgbxojoh!i bcjdxt!jo!d f! vggfs! Dbgf !gbs!Sjwfs!cbtjo!jt!c#vssfoue! crpd f e!cz!Ovd i pso!E bn !po!d f !Dbgf !G bs!Sjwf s!boe!Npd vyrrfi!E bn !of bs!d f !n pvd !pdd f !E f f q!Sjwf s!! Fish passage around these obstructions would allow migratory fish to reach historic spawning sites in the E f f q!Sj \Af s!!Tf wf sbrtin psf !ebn t !crpd !bddf tt !vq!d f !n bj oft Lf n !pdd f !E f f q!Sj \Af s!boe!j oLp!j ct l cv dA f t/! There are no major obstructions to fish passage on the Northeast Cape Fear River or Black River in the rpx f s!Dbgf !G bs!Sjwf s!cbtj o/! lbshf c12;!Anadromous fish access is restored to the approximately 40% of their remaining historic habitat d bdjt !clvssfoue!ejtsvgLfe!ps!crpd fe!cz!ebn t/! IN Bsn z!Dpsgt!pgFoh offstOK" !boe!Ebn !$3!)bcp i *!boe!$4!)cfrpx */ yamy" rig r; f 2/2 ;!Q✓stvf !pggpsuioj yf t !Lp!pcLb o!n bLf s7 briip! Ti psLCN f ejvn VTB DF fill scour hole below Lock and Dam #2 from the Opsd !Dbsprjnb!Efgbsun foLtpdUsbotgpsdxjpo! gsplf dLt !boe!pd f s!t pvsdf t l'213 ;!Dpoyovf !ejtdvttjpot!x jd !Evl f !Fofshz! N f ejvn Tdxf !bhfodjft- lVTG( T -!boe! boe!d f!sfhvrbpsz!bhfodjft!bcpvdn jyhhjpo! OPBB g)s!gspgptf e!Ti f bspo!I bssjt!ovdrfibs!grboU f yqbotj po 2/4 ;!Jef oyg:!n f d bojtn !Lp!gsMef !gtoej oh! N f ejvn VTG( T for fish passage at Lock and Dams #2 and #3. Then approach potential funding sources for support (e.g., agency fish passage funding, non - hpvAf son f od�shboj { hj pot -!n voj 4 gbrh 2/5 ;!Fybn jof! gtoejoh!pgypotlWb!Tfdijpot!327! Npoh VTBDF boe!2246!pdd f X bxf s!Sf t pvscf t !Ef wf rpqn f oil Act of 1986 for fish passage at Locks and Dams $3!boe!$4 2/6 ;!.b\Aftyhbef!n jyhbypo!pggpsLvoj7oh! Npoh B -lVT3K T -!ODEN G!boel cz!gp�f oy b.nbeej y pobriX j m j ohLpo!e SD r x psl !)f /h/- !jo!QOBt *!bt!b!x bz!Lp!gtsd incentivize installing fish p assage at L E bn !$3! 2/7 ;!Dpotisvddspd !bsci !sbn q!ps!pd f s! Npoh VTBDF -!G bzf of vjrriilC K D fish passage at Lock and Dam #2, pending bggspqsj bxf !bid psj tz!boe!opo. j of sbrim bud ! 2/8 ;!Dpotisvddspd Nd !sbn q!ps!pd f s! Npoh VTB DF -!G bzf of vyryh!C K D fish passage at Lock and Dam #3, pending bggspqsj bef !bid psj LE!boe!opo. g of sbrtn bud 219 ;!Fohbhf!jo!ejtdvttjpotlxjd !Evlf!Fofshz! Npoh OPBB- lVTG(T- !ODENG!boe! about fish passage at Buckhorn Dam once ODX SD successful fish passage achieved past Lock and E bn t !$3!boe!$4! 2/: ;!X psl !xjd !joevti.sz!Lp!jefoyg:!gpLfoybrh Ti psu ODE R!boe!ODEN G rpdxjpo!pdjn 4ohfn foLCfoAon fodjttvfMoe! sfevcypokfd oprphjft!bttp4Ixfe!xjd !qpxfs! grbodObrjpobrtQprmLbodEjtd bshf!Frjnjobypo! Tzt d n !)OCR FT *!qf sn j �t/ IN 312;!Q✓stvf !qsj psj u'!ebn !sf n pvbNspIf cU !po! Ti psu u f !NJ ur h! Sj \Afsr!jochaejoh!bo!fvbmNpo!pdu f! csf bd f e- !voobn f e!ebn !po!C?psUOsbhh!gspgf su'! 3/ 3 ;!Bggre!gsjplq {Npo!ipprig)s!Opsu !Dbsprrjub! Nfejvn ip!Dbgf G bslboe!cbsgf s!sf n pW*spIf ( d bra will benefit migratory fish 314;!Dpogovf!ejtdvttjpot!xju !pxofs!pd Nfejvn Npd vyrrfi!E bn !bcpvdgpttj crfi!pggpsuioj gf t lg)s! gicvsf V pvbr-h 315 ;!Q✓stvf !qsj psj u?!ebn !sf n pW)riqspl¢dct!po!u f ! N f ejvn I I3c !boe!Ef f q!Sjvf st! 316;!Bevbodf !qsj psj Ly-!cbssj f s!sf n pvbriqspif dd ! N f ej v n identified through NC Barrier Prioritization 1pprtboe!po.0 f.hspvoe!jovitghbgpo.0 spvhi ! W4 rbcrfi!hsbodgspdf ttf t! C •o - C a:• PB OP B B !boe NTGC Tldp. rfibe -x j u ! i f rq!g3pn !ODE N Gboe!ODX SD OPBB- !BS -!ED' B!-boelVTG( T ME a i �p7 t t t { S > { f tfd'�►1 bhf fgkge�FtsbypQt t S t t t t t J t t ` of p li 4.1: Compile history of migratory fish and ATAApsuAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA OP B B fisheries in the Northeast Cape Fear River cz!f ybn j of oh!rboej oht !boe!pd f s!i j t Lpsj d! fisheries data, gathering existing data from state records, and speaking with fishermen 5/3;!Bttjt�lODEN Gboe!ODX SDx jd ! Ti ps�l)boe!pohpjoh* OPBB!boelVTG( -Px jd !i f rq! future tagging and field sampling efforts for g3pn !D(13X anadromous fish ��` .................. 5 /4;!Dpn grfi!fyjtyoh!tvs\Afz!ebLb!g)s! psu OPBB!boelVTG( T B n f sj d�o!f f rt Lp!ef J sn j of !ej t � cv y po! F x j d j o!d f !Dbgf !C# bslSj wf sicbtj o -!x j d !d f! goal of determining where eel passage efforts bsf !of f of e! 515;!Fybn jof !bsJ jwf e!Ohj\Af !Bn f sjdbo! N f ejvn VTG( T n j eef of !boe!bsci f prphj d iV dpset !g)s! tuishfpo!tdvLft!ip!efJsn jof!i jtipsjdxi1 i bcj Lbdvt bhf 4.5: Monitor fish passage past Lock and Dam �Ti�psL(N f ejvn !! ODE N�GVTBDF -!boe! #1 (striped bass, sturgeons, shad, flathead )3124.3126* ODDG( SV!xjd !i frq!gpn ! catfish) to determine effectiveness of full rock DGSX sbn q!tLsvdkvsf! 4.6: Include Cape Fear fish passage and N f ejvn !)evf !3125* ODE N Gboe!ODX SD cbssj f s!sf n pvbriof f et !)qsj psj tz!rpdxj pot !boe! n f peprphz *%ps!ti be!jo!OD�!i bcjdxlgrbo! voef s!BTN (D!B n f oen f od4%pslt i be!boe! 14s!i f ssj oh!n bobhf n f odgrbo!)bt !qf s!d f ! sustainable fishing plan required for shad) 4.7: Monitor movement of fish through the N Poh ODX SDMFofshz G( SV -!VTG( T -! gpLf oy brtobursbrtcbssj f st !cf uc f f o!NVpd !boe! boe!E v I E bn !$4!boe!O✓d i pso!E bn ! a Dbgf!C#bs!TLsgfe!Cbtt /!Q pip!dpvsLftz!pgLfju lBti rfvJ! - H pbrt$; !Jn gspvflI bcj dxlDpoej t j pot !g)s!N j hsbLpsz!q t i x j d j o !d f !Dbgf G bs!Sj \Af s!cbt j o Qsperfin !TLbLf n f oL13;!Tgb( of oh!boe!ovstf sz!i bcj dxt!bsf !ef hsbef e/ Dpn of yoh!vtf t!g)s!d f !sf t pvsdf t!pdd f !Dbgf !C# bs!Sjwf s!i b\nf !rfie!Lp!ef dsf btj oh!bt4 rbcj *!pdi j hi !r vb*! habitat for its migratory fish. Alterations to riverine spawning and nursery areas and the blockage of access to habitat from dams are of significant concern and contribute to the poor status of many of the stocks d bUsf re!po!d f !Dbgf !C# bs!Sjwf s(!I bcj "brrf sbj pot !n bz!rjn j Ug)pe!bt4 rbcj rpz!bdco ydbrN n f t !boe!sf evdf ! suitable nursery habitat areas. Drainage and filling of wetlands has eliminated spawning areas in North Dbspqub!)ODE FOS!3111 */! The dredging and filling of aquatic habitats is particularly damaging to migratory fish, causing the physical alteration of habitat, increasing siltation, and possibly reducing food availability. The dredging boe!ef f of of oh!pdj orfxt !boe!btt pct bLf e!ci hoof rtidbo!b V!j odsf btf !t brdx bLf s!j oLsvtj po- !cbvtj oh!b!ci bohf !j o! x f uboe!t of l f t !dpn gptj y po!brpoh!d f !cpvoebsz!cf uc f f o!t brdbsbd j t i !n bst i f t !boe!sj wf sj of !tx bn q!g)sf t ct/ The historic deepening of the lower Cape Fear River caused a large conversion of tidal /riverine swamp g)sf t ct !Lp!t brdbsbd j t i !n bst i !) I bd of z!f dbrA3118 *PTisj of e!cbtt !boe!t Lvshf po!of bs!d f !crbt y oh!bsf bt !pd past channel deepening projects have been found to suffer from lost equilibrium, distended swim bladder, hemorrhaging, and death (Moser 1999). The Port of Wilmington is of economic importance to the area and d f U hoof ri lesf ehf e!sf hvrbsre!g)s!rbshf W. ttf rtiLp!dpoyovf !Lp!bddf tt!d f !gpsr/!N bj oaf obodf !esf ehj oh!bdd f ! Port of Wilmington poses a threat to migratory fish by stirring sediments into the water column, impacting n j hsbjpo- !boe!sf n pvyoh!ps!cvszj oh!cf od j d!i bcj dxt /!N bj oaf obodf !esf ehj oh!brfip!i bt!d f !gpLf oybrtap!sf . suspend contaminated sediments. The Cape Fear River channel was deepened by approximately four feet cf uc f f o!2... !boe!3115/ Fydf ttj\Af !tf ej n f odrpbej oh!cgpn !opogpj od sources can gradually fill in creeks and small xbds!cpejft!p\Afs!yn f- !sfevloh!d fiefgd ! boe!x j ed !pdd hoof rtIboe!dp\Af `j oh!d f ! obuisbrtcpupn !)tLpoft- !brvNd!n bdspgi zLft! boe!cf od j d!n j dspbriibf It p!d ptf !i bcj dxl and food resources are not available to fish. Uvscjeju'kgpn !tfejn fodrpbejoh!i bt!cffo! g)voe!Lp!ejtsvgdtgbx of oh!n j hshjpot!)Sf f e! 1983) and results in decreased combined fish cjpn btt!)BI toft!3118 */ Lbshf c13 ;!Fyjtyoh!sjgNbo!x f uboet!bsf ! n bjoL�ofe!boe!sftq)9eCfoi bodfe!jo!bsfbt! with evidence of buffer loss and /or water rvb*!jttvft/ Q ptp!dpvsJ tz!pgODEX R/i ' ° ( ( f 1 f l t {i t {ijt {if t {if t {IJt s` 6 /2;!Dpoyovf !f og)sdf n f oddpn grjbodF! Ti psd)boe!pohpjoh* ODEX R x j d !Opsu !Dbsprjub!t dxf !svrf t !boe!gf sn j d dpoej 4 pot !g)s!gspIf dLt !j n gbdy oNn j hslxpsz! fish habitat in the Cape Fear River 6/3;!X psi !x jd !OHPt!boe!gbsLofst!! Npoh ODE G!boe!ODX SD LP!f ygrpsf !boe!bggm 6 x i f sf !d bt j crfi6 targeted protection actions affecting and beWoULp!u f !gsjpsjLy-!tg13( ofoh!bsf bt! identified by the partnership: Smith Creek, Sj cf !Dsf f I -!l px o!Dsf f I - !boe!Tn j rftz!Gx V! Actions could include acquiring buffers, rboet- !boeCps!dpotf a&)4po!f btf n f oct -!ps! t of A brief t j hoW pot 6 /4;Qpevdf !pvu# bd !n bdsj brtlpo!d f! Ti psu ODE N Gx j u !i f rq!gpn !D(TX vbvf !pd\Af hf dxf eft i psf rjuf t !g)s!n j hsbLpsz! fish habitat protection and importance of reducing non -point runoff associated with bhsj dvrrusf -!g)sf t Lsz !boe!ef wf rpgn f oUrboe. vtf!bcy\jyft � 3 Dbshp!ti jq!of bs!d f !n pvd !pgd f !Dbgf !Clbs!Sj\Af s' 7 /2;!DsfbLf!Hfphsbgi jd!.bg)sn Wpo!TztLfn t! Nfejvn OPBB!xjd N frq!cgpn !OD! )HJT*!n bq!pdsf n bj of oh!j orboe!g f t i x bLf s! Obuisbrii f q dbhf !(D phsbn wetlands and flooded hardwoods in the 7 /5;!Qp4ef !f evchypobdgsphsbn !g)s!! Ti psu DGSX landowners on river herring's need for flooded i bsex ppe!i bcj Lt u in DbgB3bs!tL�gfe!cbttAQ pLp!cp vsJtz!pg1 ti !Sbbcf/ kol�r 4?ei y 4 4 r 'tr 4 / - t i ( it i if J ( t ((t i((t i((t i((t i((t i(( { r ({ i{ i{ i{ i{ i{ i{ i{ i{ { ,.t, <:. �psu 21 /2;!Dpn grfxf !b!cbtj o. x j of !bobretj ft p! Ti UOD -!Kooj gf s!B rg)se -!ODE N G! efLfsnjof! rpdbgpo !pdfyjtgoh!xfuboet- !brvbgd! ODX SD- !boe!OPBB i bcj dxt -!boeW. hf d f e!vgrboet- !boe!ef dsn jof ! d bohf !j o!rboeMf !pwf s!q n f !d bddpvre!cf Mf e! by agencies for resource protection efforts 21 /3;!Dpn gbsf !jogm bgpo!g3pn !bdj N f ejvn UOD- !Koojgs!Brg)se -!ODX SD -! 10.1 analysis with existing anadromous fish ODE N G!OP BB- !ODDG( SV -! i bcj "ebcb!)bdgpo!519 *!ip!jefogg:!jn gpabod boelVTGC T!! anadromous fish habitat areas in need of better gspLf dg po!ps!x W st i f e!sf t ipsbg po 21 /4 ;!Nppl !bddjn bLf !d bohf !boe!tf b. Npoh ODE N GlBsd - !boe!Opsu ! impacts on migratory fish habitat Dbsprjnb!ObcvdA f sj dbhf ! C�phsbn 7when 10.4: Incorporate river specific threats Npoh OPBB of vi rpq oh!d f !of x !Foebohf sf e!Tgf dj sf dpwf sz!grbot!g)s!ti psLoptf !boe!Bub tLvshf po! 21 /6;!Sftfbsd !gpttjcjrNft!boe!tffl !gtoejoh!Lp! Nfejvn VTG( Tlboe!ODX SD!dp.rfbe -! dpoevddcfod jd! tvsvizt !vtjoh!tjef.tcbo!tpobs!Lp! xjd N frq!gpn !OPBB -!ED' B -! bttftt!gpLfogbrtBubogd!boe!ti psLoptf!tuishfpo! boe!ODEN G •• )T• no 01 M 0"A n il• 16M, a 1 ••- V I M VA U no Dbgf!Clbs!Sj\Afs!i bcjLW Ubshf c14;!Sf evdf e!ps!f rjn j obd e!giuisf !ebn bhf !Lp!j of u# bn !i bcj dxr ©UJP 022; Ifitr'mt Lj ;n,f,g f Nf be , 22/2;!E f vAf rpq!ODE N C3hvj of rjnf t !g)s!cf t d N f ej v n ODE N� C3x j u !i f rq!gpn !ODX�SD -! gsbdgdf t !j o!ef tj ho!boe!tj goh!pdf of shz! OP B B- !boe!VTG( T of wf rpgn f odboe!j ogtt LsvdLvsf !gspif dLt !Lp! minimize negative impacts to fish habitat, avoid new obstructions to fish passage, and, where gpttj crf�-!gsMef !gptj qwf !j n gbdLt 22/3;!E f \Af rpq!!pj odj oaf sbhf octz! N f ej v n ODE N C3boe!ODX SD!dp. rfibe -!x j d ! sfdpn n foebgpot!d bUfbd !bhf octz!xpvre!vtf! i frq!gpn !OPBB!boe!VTG( T x i f o!sf vyf x j oh!gf sn j dbggrjnx j pot !g)s!esf ehj oh! and filling 2214,!VIsjg:!dvssfodjotc3f bn x psi !n psbLMvn ! Ti psu OPBB x j oepx !jt!bef r vbLf !g)s!gspLf djoh!Bubogd! tcvshf po!evsjoh!tgl3(ojoh!gf I pet!boe! sf dpn n f oe!ci bohf t !bt !of cf tt bsz 22/5;!Sf\Ifx !fyjtgoh!hvjefrjnft!po!tobh! Ti psu ODX SD!boelVTBDF!dp.rfibe sf n pvbrfi 2216,!DsfW!pvu3f bd !n W I brtlpo!t obh!sf n pvbrti Ti psu D(SX !)rfibe *!xjd N frq!g3pn !OPBB -! boe!gspvyef !ip!sf rfrnbodt dxf !bhf o4 f tot pj di ODEX S- !boe!ODTV !Dppgf sbgvAf ! boelx Ws!dpotf a4ajpo!ejtujdkt- !boe!dpvou?! Fycfofjpo f yLf of j po!bhf opt !ip!f evdixf !rboepx of st Csperfin !TLbif n f oL14 -!The quantity and timing of flow in the Cape Fear River basin are altered compared to historical conditions. The ecological effects of these alterations on migratory fish need to be better voef st Lppe/ Flow regime is of central importance in sustaining the ecological integrity of flowing water systems (Poll et al. 1997). The five critical components of the flow regime that regulate ecological processes in river ecosystems bsf !n bhoj Lief -!g# r of octz !evsbj po -!y n j oh- !boe!sbLf !pdd bohf !pcji zesprphj d!dpoej 4 pot /!C bt Ut Liej f t !t i px ! d bUf ovyspon f oLbdi*4st !tvd !bt !sj wf s.W rp4 L?!boe!x bd s!Lf n of sbLisf !hsf bLe!ef d sn j of !d f !y n j oh!pd upstream migration and spawning by migratory species (Dial Cordy and Associates Inc. 2006). The extent to which alterations to the flow regime of the Cape Fear River have impacted the various life stages of migratory fish species and their potential role in enhancing stocks requires additional study. The role of groundwater in stream -flow generation is poorly understood. Groundwater discharges have large tgbjbdboe!Lf n gpdx*I sj Wpot!d bdbsf !i j hi reef of oef odpo!Lpgphsbgi jd-!hf prphjd- !boe!djn Nd!dpoej ypot! )X f b\nf s!boe!C pqf ! 3112 * /!Hspvoex bd s!rfMf rtli b\nf !cf f o!ef djnj oh!j o!d f !Dsf r.bdf pvt !br vj 4 st !)Crbd !Dsf f I ! boelVggf s!Dbgf !G bs *!pdd f U asbrtDpbt LWQi o!g)s!bdrfibt Utf \Af sbrtef dbef t!) ODE X S!3112 * -!x i j d !n bz! affect base flow to streams (Bales et al. 2003) and may have serious effects on instream biological habitat and riparian wetlands. The possible reduction in stream flow from over - pumping Coastal Plain aquifers, related to gpgvrbjpo! jodsfbtft !boe!bhsjdvrrusf!bdyvyyft -!i bt!opcicffo!fvbmbLfe /!Ejtd bshft!gpn !xbLfs!tztLfnt!! that pump from deep, confined aquifers may counter the groundwater withdrawals and help augment ! stream flows. ODE X S!i bt !bepgLf e!b!sjwf s. cbtj o! bggspbd !g)s!d f !rpoh. sbohf !grbooj oh! of f of e!Lp!hvj of !d f !tvt L� obcrfi!vtf ! pdOpsu Ubspluo !x bd s!sf t pvsdf t/! Bt!pd3121 -!ODE FOS!jt!sf rvjsf e!Lp! of \Af rpq!i zesprphj d!n pef rtlg)s!f bd ! pdd f !28!n blps!sj \Af s!cbtj of !j o!Opsd ! Dbsprjnb!Lp!ef d sn j of U f !f dprphj dDrh flows needed to support and sustain d f !ejwf stj Lz!pdbr vWd!rW !boe!d f! gtocy poj oh!pdf dptzt Lf n t!jo!fbd ! cbtjo!)ODEX S!3123 * /!Evsjoh!d jt! gspdf tt !g)s!d f !Dbgf !g bs!Sjwf s!cbtj o -! ODEX S!x j rrtivbrmbLf !d f !dvssf odboe! gsplf dLf e!vt f t !pcjtvs df !x bd st !bhbj of d d f !bn pvodpdx bdslla 4 rbcrfi!jo!d f ! Dbqf G bs!cbtj o/ Jonathan Lanier shows off the day's d:) d /!Q pLp!cpvsJtz!pgDC1;X/ IN Earlier efforts to maintain instream flows focused on minimum releases from dams to maintain minimum flows. Stream biota have life cycles that are adapted to a flow regime, not a constant minimum flow (Poff and Allan 1995) so a minimum flow approach does not protect ecological integrity. Minimum flows lack u f !n pod m!boe!tf bt pobrMA bcj *!x j u j o!b!zf bs-!bt !x f all !d f !j ocf s. boovbr" bcj rpz!cf uc f f o!x f L+!esz ! and average years. When this variability is reduced or lost, aquatic species diversity is often diminished boe!t of If t !d bclbsf !n pt cicpffisboUpdef hsbef e!f dptzt Lf n t !qsf epn j obd/ Ubshf c15;!Seasonality and magnitude of flows support migratory fish needs at all life cycle stages. BDU, 80112, I �x � i 'Cli 1 Ulr� f Nf fr�l.tKll, r rr t 1t ( ti � t sximMMMMMMMMMMMM�MMMMMMMMMMMM��MMMMMMMMMMMM��MMMMMMMMMM��{ �MMMMMMMMMM��MMMMMMMMMMMM��MMMMMMMMMMM��MMMMMMMMMM� 12.1: Model historic current and future flows r, r, r,,.: r, r, r, r, r, v. • r, r, r, a, r, ' �AMMMMMMMMM��MMMMMMMMMM��MM' Ti psu UOD!rfibe!)x j d U f !Sf t bscl vtj oh!d f !X bcf sGB Wn pef rjuh!t uiez!boe!pd f s! U4 bohrfi!.bt g uicf available data to model flows on the Cape Fear Sjwfs!boe!jct!n bjo!L�cvdAft 2313;!FdprphjdbdGlpx t!T4 focf lBevytpsz!Cpbse! N f ejvn ODEX S!boe!UOD -!Opal ! determine species ecological flow needs on the Dbsp0b!ObcvdA f sj ibhf ! Cape Fear and incorporate ecological flows into C;phsbn f yjtgoh!Of vtf !boe!Dbgf G bs!lpjoUSjvf s!n pef m 12.3: Identify Pflow Prequirements for Cape PFear PPPPPPPP N f ejvn UOD- !ODE �N G!ODX�SD -iboe! Sj\Afs!d bclbsf! ofdittbsz !g)s!tvddittgtrtigbxojoh-! OPBB f hh!ef wf rpgn f oc+!boe!rbwbdu botgpscicp!ovstf sz! hspvoet 12.4: Supplement and refine existing habitat Pohpjoh VTG( T!!x jd N f rq!g3pn gsfJsfocVdvswftlxjd !fygfsclpgjojpo!po!tgfAjft! ODDG( SV!boe!OPBB flow needs. Base changes on field studies and/ ps!n pojipsjoh!g3pn !bdjpo!2314/!Dpotvrdx jd ! ODEX S! ip! gspvjef !fygfsdpgjojpo!po!tgfIjft! flow needs and supporting any extrapolation ODEX S!epftx j !jog)sn bgpo!ip!n bl f !jd sf rfrnbodtp!Dbgf G bs 2316;!Jefogg:!n bq!boe!rvbogg:!brrtdvssfocl Ti psu ODEX S x j d esb( brt1bt Ucbtf of !Lp!dsf bd Un bq!g)sn bcl d bdcbo!cf !f btj m!t i bsf e!x j d !pd f s!bhf odj f t !boe! pshboj { bg pot ME Csperfin !Tdxf n f oct5;!E f hsbef e!x bd s!r vbrf tz!)f /h/ -!f ydf tt !ovLs f opt !boe!j odsf btj oh!pddvssf odf !pd! crmf . hsf f o!brhbrtcrppn t *!j o!d f !Dbgf G bs!Sj \Af s!boe!Opsu f bt dDbgf !Cl bs!Sj \Af s!j t !rp f reef L� n f odxiap! migratory fish. .b!3116 -!d f !rpx f s!Dbgf !Cl bs!Sjwf s!boe!f t uibsz! x f sf !j ochaef e!po!d f !Opsd !Dbsprjub!414)e *!0 Ug)s! j n qbj sf e!x bds!evf !Lp!rpx !E P -!ps!i zgpyj U) ODE X R! 3123!FC 6 !bggsp d e!414)e *!rjt Ui ug; sLbdpdef os( p§iCk f cCk r Ql(h LvCbttfttn fod` /!Pof!cbvtf!pd i zgpyj b!j o!d f !Dbgf !g bs!x bd st i f e!tzt d n !j t !brhbrfi crppn t /!X i f o!x bd s!Lf n of sbcvsf !j odsf bt f t !boe! ovLs f odj ogvct!joip!d f !x bdsti f e!bsf !i j hi - !brhbrfi crppn t!cbo!ef wf rpq/!Bt!cbdLf sj Uef dpn gptf !d f tf ! brhbrtcrppn t4d f z!vtf !pyzhf o!gpn U f !x bds!dprmn o! dsf Woh!b!cj pd f n j cbrtpyzhf o!ef n boe!) CP E * -! rfibej oh!Lp!i zgpyj d!dpoej 4 pot /!Npx f sf e!E P !cbo!! stress resident and migratory fish and even pose a n j hsbLpsz!cbssj f s( Crmf . hsf f o!brhbftrppn !cf rpx !K" !' !E bn !$2/!q pLp! B !n blps!daitf !pdbrhbrtcrppn t !j t !f ydf ttjwf !ovLs f od! dwsif tz!pgN i I f !N brr)o -!VODX / rpbejoh/!X i brfio!boe!Evcct!)3116 *!g)voe!d bdb!! 56&!ejrmypo!pdjotufbn !ovLofoct!eje!opdefdsfbtf!gi zLpgrbol Lpo!hspx 6 - !joejdxjoh!d bUd f!ovLsfod! qsf tf odj o!d f !Dbgf !g bs!Sjwf s!x f sf !x f oo!f ydf tt !pdgi zLpgrbol Lpo!hspx 6 V r vj sf n f oct /!I px f \Af s-!d f! Cape Fear River is not currently classified as "nutrient- sensitive waters" by the State of North Carolina. Therefore, many National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) dischargers do not have LpLbrtoj Lsphf o!ps!Lpd*i ptgi psvt !rjn j Usf r vj sf n f oct /! 1pLbrtoj Lsphf o!boe!gi ptgi psvt !dpodf ocslxj pot !j o!d f !sjwf s!boe!vggf s!f t Lvbsz!bsf !n pef sbLf !Lp!i j hi -!boe! estuarine nutrient concentrations are significantly correlated with river discharge (Mallin et al. 1999). .bqv d !pdoj csphf o!bt !bn n poj v n -!oj Ldxf !ps!vsf M b\nf !cf f off yqf sj n f oLbrre!ef d sn j of e!Lp!dbvt f !brhbrfi cjpn btt!j odsf btf t!j o!d f!crud xbds!tufbn t!boe!I\Afst!d bdbsf!gsftfodjo!d f!Dbgf!Gbs!cbtjo!)Nbnju!fd al. 2004). Between 1995 and 2006 parts of the lower Cape Fear basin experienced statistically significant jodsfbtjoh!usfoet!jo!bn n pojvn !dpodfocslxj pot - !sbohjoh!gpn !211 &!jo!d f!n bjoitdn !Lp!411 &!jo!d f! Northeast Cape Fear River (Burkholder et al. 2006). Periods of low flow, coupled with already- elevated ovLs f oct!gsf tf ocij o!d f !sjwf s-!bsf !rp f re!Lp!rfibe!Lp!n psf !ovjt bodf !boe!Lpyj d!crppn t!j o!d f !gtLvsf /!G/Lvsf ! efwfrpgn foAA !bt!d f!dpotrsvdypo!pdbeejypobrtebn t!boe!sftfs\pjst!jo!d f!sjwfs- !dpvre!fybdfscbLf! d f t f !gsperfin t !cz!dsf N oh!beej 4 pobrtbsf bt !pdr vj f t df odx bd st !d bddpvre!gtf rin psf !crppn t/! G pn !311: !Lp!3123 -!d f !Dbgf !G bs!Sjwf s!i bt !cf f o!i pt ULp!vogsf df of oaf e!ctbopcbckf sj brtcrppn t! dpotjtyoh!gsjn IAu0cvdopdfychatjv Afrm-! pdNjdqxV-tyt! bfsvhj opt U )tff!Bggfoejy!J,J,p!Qhvsf!9 */! Njdqxktyt has been known to cause fish kills and at one point recently impacted 75 miles of the river. The blooms have occurred in the summer months and sometimes in early fall, and have centered in d f !sf bd !pdd f !sjwf AttdbcpvVWd !boe!E bn !$2!epx otrsf bn !Lp!d f !Crud !Sj\Af s!)ODEX R!3122 */! This species has long been known as a toxin - producing organism (Burkholder 2002) and at least some of the blooms in the main stem of the Cape Fear have produced toxins. Specifically, two i fgbLpLpyjot6 n j dspctzt 0 o!NC!boe!n j dspctzt 0 o!SS6 xfsf!jtprbLfe!czlVODX !j o!3121!! )I bbdt !3122 * /! The metabolites produced by the cyanobacterial blooms in 2009 forced Brunswick County to increase levels pdx bd s!u# bLn f ocicp!dpouEprhj f !tvctf r of ocidbt Lf !boe!peps!gsperfn t !IA tj oh!gpn U f !ctbopcbdcf sj b!crppn t/! Exposure to toxic conditions is harmful to humans, fish, and their prey. Microalgal toxins directly damage fish by altering their internal organ function, and also affect the prey items fish consume (Burkholder, 2002). Crppn t !pdpd f s!tgf dj f t !i banf ! pddvssf e!bt kps!vgt u# bn !bt !d f !vggf s!I 13( !Sjwf s!bcpwf !Cvd i pso!E bn !evsj oh! d f!tvn n fs!boe!&MODEX R! 3122 * /!.b!3122!ctbopcbc lbrtcrppn t!)Bobcbfob!grbol Lpojcb!boe!NjdpcV-tyt *! pddvssf e!j o!d f !Opsd f bt UDbgf !G bs!Sj \Af s!bt !x f rnirfibej oh!ip!t rspoh!i zqpyj Ux j d !E P !rfrnf rtlgxr uh!Lp! 1/8! n hCM)TJgi boj f U uf s!H bssf uAODE X R- !gfstpobrtdpn n voj dW po-W m!boe!Bv hvt U3122*/!Npoh. Lf sn ! d rpspgi znib6 x i j d !jt In f btvsf e!bt !b!tvssphbLf !g)s!briibrtcj pn btt6 boe!CP E !ebLb!dpafxif e!cz!sf t bsci f st! gpn N ODX !i b\nf !ef n pot udxf e!d bdktt depx of u# bn !pdkpd !boe!E bn !$2 -!d rpspgi znib!boe!CP E !bsf ! strongly correlated (Mallin et al. 2006). These data were collected prior to the new set of blooms, so it is likely d bcibeej 4 pobrtbrhbrtcj pn btt !x j ni& bcf !t uEpohf s!tv n n f s!CP E- !boe!gtsd f s!rpx f s!E P !j o!d f !sjwf s'! t i t'r 24 /2;!.bdsfbtf!xbds!rvb*!n pojLploh!cfucffo! Nfejvn VODX !boe!DGSX Npd !boe!E bn t!$2!boe!$3!cp!jefoyg:!x bds!rvb*! parameters that are most stressful to migratory fish bcid jt!rpdWpo 24/3 -MfI !gtoejoh!g)s!beejypobrfx bcfs!rvb*! Nfejvn VODX n poj ipsj oh!cf uc f f o!Npd !boe!E bn !$2!boe! GVd i pso!E bn 24/ 4;! Efv Afrpq !b!gspipdprftp!bttftt!boe!n pojLps! Ti psu VODX !boe!DOD/B tV4 lbrfibrtcrppn t!cp!cf of s!epdvn f odcruf. . hsf f o! brfibrtgsperfin t 24/5;!Dpoyovf !ip!bttf tt!d f !sf dij pot i j q!cf uc f f o! Ti psu VODX cmf . hsf f o!brhbrferppn t !boe!CP E !epx of u3f bn !pd Npd !boe!E bn !$2 24 /6;lVtf!bnibAn rbcrfi!ebJ>-!jochaejoh!bn cjfod u ODEX R!boe!VODX n poj Lp j oh!boe!f E N S!sf gpsct !cp!bttf tt!j n gbdct!pd FT x bt cf x bd s!u# bcn f odgrboct !po!d f !x bd s!r vbrj�tz!j o bddpsebodf !x j d U f !t Lboebset !cf uc f f o!Npd !boe! E bn t !$2!boe!$4 � it, �p,,�r�ir�ttt,�� Ubshf L17; !Ov uo f odj oqv clef dsf bt f e/ Q . K, AIKII Al 25 /2 ;!Jef oq W-U j d f o -!Lvsl f z !boe!t pe!g)sn ! Ti psu DGSX rpdxjpot!jo!d f!xbdsti f 2513 ;!Dsf bLf !dpn qsf i f otjW!n bq!pgbhsjdvru/sf ! Ti psu DGSX )i ph -!d j d f o!boe!Lvsl f z!gm t *- lgYsf t LE7-- !boe!t pe! jDsn ticpsefIoh!d f!DbgfGbs!boe!jdluNcvdAft 14.3: Map wastewater land application fields Ti psu V ODX (NCDWQ), septage land application fields )Ej\ jtjpo!pgTpO!X btJ *!boe!Drbtt!C!sftjevbrteboe! bggijdxjpo!tjLft!)ODEX R* 2515,!Dpn grfxf !ODEX RU/TH T!tLvez!pgtvs ! N f ejvn —6D--EX R xbLfs!rvbOz!bttpdjbLfexjd !txjof!pgfsbypot 14.5: Correlate runoff information gathered by the N f ejvn 04)oh OP B B NCDWQ /USGS Swine study (action 14.4) with fish habitat to determine how swine operations affect fish habitat 25/7 ;!Dpssf rbLf !rboe. vtf U bohf t!d spvhi pvdd f ! Npoh Kooj Js!Brg)se!boe! cbtjo!boe!cpsefsjoh!d f!DbgfGbs!SjWs!boe! VODX jdku cvibsjft !iplxWs!rvb*!gbsbnfdst!)EP -! OjuEphfo -!Q ptgi pspvt -!d rpspqi znib!boe!ddxii dpqWsn * 25/8;!E f J sn j of !d f !t f wf sj u?!boe!j n gbdLipgbrhbrh N f ejvn V ODX crppn t!po!d f !dvssf odvtf t!pgd f !Dbgf G bs!Sj\Af s! E /9;!Nff�lxjd !ovufo�ttpvsc!gfsn jufft!ip! Nfejvn VODX !boe!DGSX stof !\Apmorbsz!rpbejoh!sf evdj pot 3DlJ,Pi�27,ti�txf lqe �, {hlt�{ L� p �ilpaaLit pU` j�ipqg i e" f " 27 /2;!.bdsf btf !ef \Af rpgf st!gbsylgbypo!j o! N f ejvn DGSX -!sf briitd f !ef \Af rpgf st -! X j rerW Gj f oere!E f \Af rpgn f oLiQ;phsbn !j o!gbsd boe!ODX SD cz!jo\lgoh!d f !ODX SD!Lp!i pre!b!x psl ti pq! j o!X j m j ohLpo!d bUsf vyf x t !hvj of #f t !g)s!d f! wildlife friendly program certification 27 /3;!Ntaz!d f !hspvoex psi !g)s!4!jodf oyvf t!g)s! Npoh DENR Office of Conservation, increasing buffers through tax credits (based on Qbooj oh!boe!Dpn n voj Lz! Opsd !Dbsp#b!Dpotf sv�txjpo!Uby!Dsf ej di boerfie! Affairs d spvhi !(Pof !OD!ObLvsbrm!Q�phsbn 27 /4;!Fygboe!Tif x beeti jq!Ef \Af rpgn f oLiBx bset! N f ejvn Tf rfWtpj nboe!x bds! Lp!f ogsf !cbtj o dpotf sv�txj po!ej t Lsj dLt !boe! Of x !I bopv�f s!DpvoLz 27 /5;lSf jov�jhpsbLf !boe!f ygboe!d f !SjWs!gf oere! N f ejvn Tf rf Wrpdbrit pi riboe!x Ws! G)sn fst!Qphsbn U spvhi pvdd f!cbtjo dpotfsv�txjpo!ejtLr dLt 27 /6;!Fevdxf !Dpvo�!boe!Dj �!Qbooj oh! Naoh ODX SD E f gbsLn f oLt !cf zpoe!d f !debt Lbri o o!bcpvLld f! Hsffo!Hspx d ! 1. ppropy!dpotfs4xjpo!pgypot!g)s! rboepx of st 27/7;!QpvyefVcl ojdribttjtLbocf!jo!vscbo!bsfbt! Ti psLiboe! TfrfWrpdbriipidboe!xWs! to help establish and protect buffers pohpjoh dpotfsv4xjpo!ejtLr dLt -x jd ! i f rq!g;pn !rpdxiinpdson f od 27 /8;!Bevpdxf !boe!n poj Lps!g)s!d f! N f ejvn Opsd !Dbspqub!C?psf tL1Tf svjdf j n grfin f odij po!pdg)sf t Lsz!cf t Lin bobhf o f od gsbdgdf t -!j ockvej oh!d f !f t Lbcrjt i n f ou! n bobhf n f oL+!boe!gspLf dgpo!pdtu3f bn !boe! riparian buffer zones 27/9; X psi x j d !qsj vW !rboepx of st !Lp!gspLf dd N f ej v n Tf rf Wt pj d doe lx W s! and restore forestry buffers through best dpotf a4o14po!ejtLr dd n bobhfn fodgsbdjcft!po!d fjs!rboe 27 /:;!Qpv4ef!Lfd ojdxibttjtLbodf !Lp!bhsjdvruvsbrli Nfejvn ODE TX D-!t f rfiddt pj dboe! pgfsb4pot!d bdbsf !gpLfogbritpvsdit!pjovLSfoLt -! xbds!dpotfsAxjpo!ejtLSdd specifically total nitrogen and total phosphorous. ODTV !Dppgf sbLj\Af lFyLf otj po -! boe!OSDT i 27/21 ;!X psi !xjd !gDm fst!Lp!n bobhf!dsyrjffs! Nfejvn Fo\ jspon foLbrfEf otf!Q✓oe! bggqdaj po!bdbhspopn j d!sbLf t! )rfibe *AODTV !Dppgf sbyv�f ! FyLf otj po -!t f rfiddt pj dboe! x bLf s!dpot f soN po !ej t L� dd -! m m m m _ m m m m boe!ODETX D 27122 ;!CsftfodDbgfmGbs!NjhsbLpsz!gti !m Nfe jvn ODE-TX D qsj psj yf t !Lp!d f !OD!Btt pct by po!pgTpj rtboe! X bcf s!Dpotf svNpo!EjtLs dd 27/23 ;!C AMef !b!x psi t i pq!)x j d !b%pdvt !po! Ti psL(N f ej v ODE TX D n bLf I brflLp!j odpsgp !qj pj Lz!bsf bt !gpn ! Bdijpo!21 /3!jo!rpc3igsphsbn !ef*sz!Sj\Afs! Gj f oere!Gosn f s!C;phsbn -!Tif x bset i j q! E \Af rpgn f odBx bset!Cgphsbn - !boe!esvh! del f !cbd !gsphsbn t *!�psltf r Wt pj nboe!x bLf s! dpot f soN po!ej t L� dLt !boe!dppgf sbywf !f yLf otj po! Lp!�pdvt !po!tf L�oh!rpdbrtgsj psj yf t !xjd !Dbgf !Cl bs! migratory fish outcomes. 27 /24;!FodpvsbhF !hprgdpvst f !px of st !x j d j o! Ti psu m�m�m�m�m (SX d)shf Lf e!gspLf dypo!boe!sf tLpsbypo!bsf bt!ip! pursue certification from the Audubon National DppgfsN\Af!Tbodcvbsz!03phsbn !�ps!HprjDpvstft ;!Dpoyovf!gspn pyohlfyjtyoh!Opsd ! Ti psd)boe! ODETXD!boe!tfrfiddtpjrtboe! #b!BtAdvrn/sf!DptdTi bsf!C;phsbn ! Fr,F pohpjoh* xbcfs!dpotf soN po!ejtLsdd o!d f!cbtjo!xjd !fn qi btjt!grbdfe!po! N bobhf o f od CNbdydit!)C N Q *!d bdcbo! j n gspv�f !x bcf s!r v b*!j o!(4 y dbrii bcj dxlbsf bt !) bt ! identified in action 10.2) 27 /26;!Dpoyovf!ip!gspn pcf!gioejoh!pg Ti psd)boe!mm ODE TXD!boe!tfrficltpjrtboe! d f!fyjtyoh!Opsd !Dbsprjub!Dpn n voj�! pohpjoh* x bcfs!dpotfsv�bypo!ejtcsjdct DpotfsvNpo!BttjtLbodQphsbn !xjd jo!d f! cbtjo!xjd !fn qi btjt!grbde!po!C N Q!d bdcbo! j n gspvf !x bcf s!r v b*!j o!cN y dbrh bcj dxlbsf bt !) bt ! identified in action 10.2) 27/27 ;!03pnpLf !OSDTlgsphsbn t !x j ups o!d f ! N f ejvn O OSDTIboe!tf ftdtpj nboe! cbtjolx i jrfi! dpogovjoh !ip!gspvjef!gspevdfst! x x bcfs!dpotfsoNpo!ejtLodd x j d !j o�psn bq po!po!CN Wd bUdbo!n j q hbLf ! btAd vrn/sbrtovL�foclrpttft!jo!dogdA bcjLbJ bsf bt 16.17: Implement feasible and cost-effective N N f ejvn O ODE TX Dlx j d N f rq!g;pn ! storm water retrofit projects throughout the r rpdbrthipvison f oLt4tf rfW watershed to mitigate the hydrologic effects t t pj rtboe!x bLf s!dpotf svbj po! pdef vi rpgn f oLPTisf bn U boof risf t Lpsbq po! e ej t Lo dd - !boe!t f rf WODTV ! bdgvygf t !t i pvre!cf !j n grfin f oLf e!j o!d)shf Ubsf bt! D Dppqf sbq\nf lFyLf otj po!bhf oc# ! Ole ih 0 • • 9 27/29; lVtj oh!f evdxj po!n bLf 1 brt1bt4 rbcrfi! Ti pscl)boe! Tf rfWt pj nboe!x bLf s! g;pn !ODTV ! Dppgf sbgwf !FyLf otj po -!f evdxf ! pohpj oh* dpotf soN po!ej t Ls dct !x j d ! i pn f px of st -!dpn n f s4 bnbggqdxpst !boe!pd f st ! i f rq!g;pn !rpcbitlnpd son f od ! regarding: proper fertilizer use specific to lawn boe!tf ftUODTV ! Dppgf sbgwf ! LY_qf t -!g sq rj f f s!t Lpsbhf - !boe!g sq rjJ f dej t qpt brn Fycf otj po!bhf od 27/2: ;!Cgpn pcf hApmoLbsz!pgf shjpo!sf vyf x t! m m m Ti psl)boe! m m ODETX D m m m m m m m m m m m bi4 rbcrfi!Lp!� f st !d spv hi !ODE B' DT pohpj oh* 27/ 31;! Tfdvsf !beejgpobityoejoh!�s!Nbhppo! Nfejvn Q�oh ODE TX D Dpov�f stj po!C;phsbn !Lp!f odpvsbhf !vtf !pd j oopvbj\Af !boj n bdx bt d !n bobhf o f odtzt d n t r27/32 7 ddvsf !beef 0 pobrtyoej oh!�s!Tx j of ! ®m m N f ejvn G*oh ODE TX D zpvLQphsbn !Lp!gtoe!cvzpvc#!g)s!tx j of ! rations in the 100 -year flood plain IN IN Qpuhn !TLbif n f oct6;flhere is a need to prevent adverse chemical impacts to migratory fish. Polluting chemicals can adversely affect the health of migratory and resident fish and of the humans x i p!dpoty n f !d f n !)V TFQB !3111 b43111 c * /!X bd st !x j d j o!d f !Dbgf !Cl bs!Sj \Af s!cbtj o!tzt d n -!bt !x f nih ! the rest of North Carolina, are rated as impaired for fish consumption due to excessive mercury (Hg) in the flesh of several fish species, mainly piscivorous fish (NCDWQ 2005). Aside from mercury, metals and other chemical pollutant loads in fish tissue in the Cape Fear basin are understudied. One recent paper, Mallin et al. (2011), reported body burden data collected in 2005 for freshwater fish (bowfin) and ctn t !j o!d f !Dbgf G bs-!Ctd - !boe!Opsd f bt UDbgf G bs!Sj \Af s!cbtj of /!Tf \Af sbrtgpnvLboLt !f ydf f of e!d f ! Fo\ jspon foLbdC pLfdjpo!Bhfodz!)FC[3*!boe!Opsd !Dbsprjub!I fbra !EjsfdpsI!trboebset!g)s!tbj!i vn bo! dpotvn gypo- !jochaejoh!n fsdvsz!bstfojd!)Bt *- !tfrfiojvn !)Tf *-!cben jvn !)De *- !gpn5d rpsjobde!cjgi fozrtI )C IDa *- !boe!d f !qf t q4 of !ej f resj o /!qt i !yttvf !dpodf ocslxj pot !pdI WTf - !boe!C IDa !x f sf !brtp!i j hi f s!d bo! concentrations determined by researchers to be detrimental to the health of the fish themselves or their b\jbo!boe!n bn n bom!gsfebLpst!)Nfn &2::4A_bn n bo! fUbn131114.VTF C6!3111c4Fwfst!fUbrh3ll8 */! Beejoh!n psf!n fr rtIps!d fnjdbrtdpoLbnjoboct!Lp!d f! Dbgf! Clbs! Sjv Af s!cbtj o- !jochaejoh!xbtLf!gspevdct! from industrial facilities and agricultural land uses, may result in physiological damage to fish farther down the food chain and may cause these fish to be added to non - consumption lists. Foepdoof !ejtsvgyoh!d f n jdbrti)FE Dt *!bsf !bo!f n f shjoh!d sf bUd bdjt!rp f m!Lp!cf dpn f !b!tf sj pvt!d sf bd! to migratory fish that mature sexually and reproduce in rivers loaded with such compounds. EDCs enter the watershed through wastewater treatment systems and non -point sources such as runoff from agriculture and golf courses. The Cape Fear River basin, with its population centers and human j n gb(it -!jt!f tqf I brm!vwrnf sbcrfi!cbtf e!po!dvssf odl opx rfiehf !bcpvdFE Dt /!Fbsm!ebLb!gpn U f !Dj LZ!pd XjmjohLpot! Txffofz! Xbds UsfbLnfodgrbod)DGDJB!3121 *!ti pxU bUditf !FEDt!bsf!gsftfodjo!\Afsz! to hTWodfocslxjpot -!bra pvhi !rju.rfi!jt!I opxo!bcpvdd f!gtrrtiyLfodpdd fjs!jefoyyft!boe!fttfoybrm! nothing is known about synergistic effects they may have. It is known that when these compounds act d f z!Lf oe!Lp!j oLf sj sf !x j d !i psn pobrrebtf e!qi ztj prphz !opibcm!ef wf rpgn f odpdtf yvbrtdi bsbcU sj t ydt !boe! reproductive function. EDCs are therefore a potentially serious threat to the sexual development of fish in d f !Dbgf !(I bs!Sjwf s!cbtj o/! Lbshf c18!JogvLt!pdLpyjd!n f dDd)f/h/ -!n f sdvsz *!boe!f oepol of !ejtsvgyoh!ci f n j cbrtlef dsf btf e! Tf ej n f odgrmn f !bald f !n pvd !pgd f !Dbgf !C# bs!q \Af s(!Bf l brtgi pLp!dpvsLf tz!pgOBTB /! Jn grfm f o po!LJF bn U spf !x psl j oh!hspvq!i bt !dsf bLf e!bo!,h grfin f odxj po!Lf bn -!x i ptf !n fn cf st !x j riix psl !Lphf d f s!Lp! mplement the actions in this plan. The team will hold quarterly conference calls and meet in erson annually to discuss progress in implementing plan actions, find solutions to any conflicts or becrpd tid bdbsjtf- !boe!belttdgrbo!bcypot!d spvhi !bebgywf!n bobhfn foL+!bt!ofdittbsz/! Bt !gbsdpdb!rpoh. Lf sn !bebgywf. . n bobhf n f odbggspbd -!d f !Lf bn !x j rrtef \Af rpq- !boe!sf vytj dbt !of f of e -lb O dpd gtLvsf !qsj psj Ly-!sf tf bsci !of f et !d bddpvre!opdcf !dpn n j of e!Lp!bdd f !y n f !pdef \Af rpgn f odpdd j t !Bdj po!Qbo -! which will serve to enhance habitat, water quality, and connectivity in the Cape Fear watershed. The team will also revisit and consider the need to update the Action Plan in five years (2018). B oov brtgsphsf tt !sf gpsct !x j nicf !ef wf rpgf e!cz!d f !cf bn !boe!n bef !b 4 rbcrfi!cp!gbscof s!pshboj { N pot !boe!d f! gvc*!d spv hi U f !gbstof st i j qVx f ctj cf !)x x x /i bcj dDdopbb(hpvD#f gf bE; !bt !x f aih !pd f s!wf ovf t -!j ochaej oh! gbsLof s!x f ctj Lf t/! Refinement of Socioeconomic Actions Bo if ttf oy bdtbt I !pdd f Uh grfn f odij po!Lf bn !x j nicf !cp!f t Lbcrjt i Ut pdj pf dpopn j & psl j oh!hspvq!d bdx j n-h dpn grfxf U f !ef \Af rpgn f odpdtvggrfin f oLbsz!bdypot!ef tj hof e!cp!f otvsf U bUd f !f dptzt J n Vsvydf t !gsMef e! cz!d f !dpotf Maj po!bdy pot !j o!d j t !Qbo!bsf !tvt 0 of e!j o!d f !Dbgf !G bs!Sj \Af s!Cbtj o /!B !gsperfin !t dxf n f odboe! bcy pot !x f sf !qsf rjn j obey re!pv*f e!cz!d f Qs of st i j q!bt !d j t !Qbo!x bt !dpn grfxf e /!Beej y pobdx psl !Lp!cf ! completed by the working group includes identification of action leads, and integration of these actions with the ecological actions and targets described earlier in this Plan. The Partnership's progress is outlined below. Hpbrt4 ;!Engage new stakeholders and increase interest in improving fish passage and habitat conditions for migratory fish through communication of socioeconomic values associated with such improvements. Qsperfin !TLbif n f od7; Socioeconomic benefits such as commercial and recreational fishing, tourism, recreation, water quality, and water supply are impacted by conditions that threaten migratory fish. Restoring and improving access to habitat for migratory fish not only enhances the freshwater ecosystem and its biodiversity but also provides human benefits that can be described and frequently quantified. The Cape gbs!Sjwfs!cbtjo- !jodmejoh!jd!n boz! sjw fs! csjcvr. bsjft-! gspv left! fdpopnjd! hppet !boe!tfsvjdit!boe!dpocsjcvcft! cp!d f !W rp ppet- !g)pe!tf dvsj Lz!boe!t b j Lz!pdd f !sf tj of oct !pdd f !bsf b(!Bddpvoyoh!g)s!I \Af s!f dptzt cf n !vbmf t ! in management decisions can help sustain the flow of goods and services in the interest of current and future generations. Additionally, quantifying the co- benefits associated with restoring habitats and fish populations i f rqt !cvj re Ucspbef s!dpot 4 Lvf ocz!g)s!dpotf soN po /!Qpvjej oh!d j t !j og)sn N po!sf r vj sf t !d f !bgggdaj po!pd scientific approaches that can utilize estimates of expected ecological changes and improvements to measure the impact on the flow of ecosystem services. X f !bsf !opdgtrre!bx bsf !pdd f !f ycf odpdpvs!ef of oef odf !po!d f !Dbgf !C# bs!Sjwf s!cbtj o!boe!!d f Mbmf !pd commercial and recreational fisheries, tourism, recreational uses, avoided costs to water treatment, and dvrrusbdvtf t/! ME The conservation actions to be implemented under this plan are expected to result in cleaner water, more habitat and better access to habitat for migratory fish. Those ecological improvements are likely to economically benefit commercial and recreational fisheries, tourism and recreation industries; and result in avoided costs to water Lsfbun foLi!lp!cfofs!voefstdboe!d f!sfrbypoti jgt!cfucffoii vn bot!boe!obLvsbrfidptztLfn tid spvhi U f!tfsvydit! of I\Af e!cgpn U f n -!d f !gffMx j oh!bcypot!g)s!d f !Dbgf KI bs!Sjwf s!cbtj o!bsf !dpotj of sf a -! Ubshf L19;!Ft 4 n bLf !t pct pf dpopn j dMbmf t !btt pct bLf e!x j d !j odsf btj oh!boe!j n gspvyoh!gbtt bhf !boe! ! habitat conditions for migratory fish. a Tvotfdpo!u f!Dbgf!gbs!Sj\Afs' 0 vn f spvt !f yj t yoh!gsphsbn t !n 17-!i b\nf !gtoej oh!d bddpvre!cf !bggrjf e!Lp!j n grfin f odd f !i bcj dx+!x bLf s! quality, and fish passage improvement actions identified in this Action Plan. Nothing in this plan shall cf !dpot Lsvf e!bt !perj h joh!d f !gf of sbrtps!t dxf !gbsLof st !ip!f yqf oe- !perjhbLf - !ps!Lsbotg s!boz!gtoet- !ps!bt ! j o\Aprvioh!d f !Voj Lf e!Tdxf t !j o!boz!perj h j po!g)s!d f !qsf tf odps!giuisf !gbzn f odpdn pof z!j o!f ydf tt !pd bggspqsj N pot !bv d psj { f e!cz!r1A /!G/oej oh!t pvsdf t !d bdx j nicf !j o\Af t y hbLf e!j ochaef -!cv dbsf !opdrjn j Lf e!Lp;! • • Em • • J:DE C W 00 vit SO- El • -• •• E•aM • �•• E.• �• C;p1f dct !d bdsf t Lpsf !boe!dpotf swf !i bcj dxlof df tt bsz!Lp! support coastal, estuarine - dependent, and diadromous fish tgfIft/ V"pvt!gtoejoh!pggpsuiojyft V"ft!cz!SM! DptdTi •. E:• s• E b[Ad/rntsbrtcftdn bobhfn fodqsbdqdft!Lp!jn • s• • qsf ef Lf sn j of - • d• •• •) •d Qj ot Lbnfne/ ODE B' D-PE TX D OD!Dpotf soN po!Sf t swf ! Wruodmz- !gsphsbn !vtj oh!g of sbnboe!t dxf !sf t pvsdf t !Lp! Foi bodf n f oUQ phsbn !)DSF9 bd j \Af !rpoh. Lf sn !gspLf cypo!pdf myspon f odrm!tf otj 4\Af ! dspgrboe!boe!n bshjobrtgbtu rsfrboe /!CNQ!jochaef! grassed filter strips, forested riparian buffers, hardwood u# f !f t dbcrjt i n f oc+!boe!x f uboe!sf t 4r xj po /!Npoh. Lf sn ! gspLf cy po!j fl bd j f wf e!d spv hi hApruodbsz!21. 426. 441. zf bs!ps!gf sn bof odf btf n f oct !d bdrjn j dd f !rboepx of 4! gtLvsf! vtf!pcjdf!rboe!g)s!bcy\jyft!tvd !bt!jmjoh!boe! ofwfrpgn foutboepxofst!sfdfj\Af!boovhVod * bzn fod! boe!bsf !sf j n cvstf e!g)s!f t dbcrjt i j oh!d f ldpotf soN po! gsbdydf t !)Lby!j odf oywf t !n bz!cf !hAn rbcrfi!g)s!d ptf !d bd f osp"o!41. zf bs!ps!gf sn bof odf btf n f oct */ i2- ODEX R FCB!42: !HsboUG/oet Sft4rxjpo!pdx bds!cpejft!d bdbsf!jn qb sfe!)bt!rjtcfebt! .bd hsbLf e!Sf gpsddxf hpsj f t 15!boe!6* ODEX R FM!316)I*!HsboL]Gtoe# Water quality management planning efforts ODEX S X bd s!Sf t pvsdf t !E f \Af rpgn f od This program is designed to provide cost -share grants (DSpbfdciHsboUQphsbn boe!Lfd ojdAhtjtrbodf!Lp!rpcbftpvfson foLt!d spvhi pvd d f !Tdxf /!Bggldajpot!g)s!hsboct!bsf !bddf qLf e!g)s!tf wf o! gvsgpt f t ;!Hf of sbrt0b\nj hbq po -!Sf dsf bq poWb \q hbq po -! X bd s!N bobhf n f oc+!TL9 bn !Sf t Lpsbq po -!Cf bd !Cqpcf dq po- MDoe!BcV vj tj q po!boe!(3D4 *!E f wf rpgn f odg)s!X bd s. Cbtf e!Sf dsf bgpo- !boe!Br vbgd!X f f e!Dpocsprah OPBB OPBB!SftLpstxjpo!Df ocf s Projects that benefit estuarine, r verine, or anadromous T- resources, fish passage, dam removal, shellfish restoration, q ebrh zesprphz!j n gspvI n f ort-!boe!tf bhsbtt !sf t Lpsh j po/ OP B B Tqf If t !Sf dpwf sz!Hsboct !Lp! N�bobhf n f oc+ipvrsf bd -Isf tf bsci - !boe!npoj r.psj oh!gspbf dd ! Tdxf t!)voef s!Foebohf sf e! that direct conservation benefits for listed species, recently TgfIft!BddTfdgpo!7* ef. 0Lf eft gfIft- !boe!dboejebcfRgfIft!d bUsf tj ef !x j 6 j o! d f!tdxf /!C IDs !tgflft!voefs!OPBB!bvsjtejdgpo / Tdxf !pdOpsd ! Drfibo!X bd s!N bobhf n f od Q/oet !gspbf dct !d bUf of bodf !ps!sf t r.psf !ef hsbef e! Dbsprjub l.fsvtUG/oe x bdst- !gspcf ddvogprrucf e!x bdst- lboeCos!dpocsjcvcf ! toward a network of riparian buffers and greenways for environmental, educational, and recreational benefits. I • 1• Tpvd !Buboyd! VIII dbgf ! Dpot f &AW po! Dppgf sbywf !)NDD* •• �• • E •- E:• - •• • • u •- • • • • Fri •r •� T4 odf !gtoej oh!pggpsLvoj 0 t Funds projects focused on filling conservation planning hbgt!jo!d f!Tpvd !Buboyd!NDD/ t ON pobdDpbt btX f uboet! E•• •• p• •s• • •• • A• •• •• Anadromous fish: Ceti U bdtgf oe!n ptdpdd fjs!*t!jo!d f !pdf bo!cvdn j hsuf !cgpn U f! ! ! !!!!!!!!lpdf bo!Lp!g3f ti x bd s!Lp!csf f eCtgb( o!)f /h/ -!B n f sj dbo!t i be -!t Ls of e!cbtt -! ! ! !!!!!!11IBuboyd!tLvshfpo -!ti psLoptf!tLvshfpo- !I\Afsii fssjoh */! Catadromous fish:!gt i U bdtgf oe!n pt dpdd fj s!W t !j o!g3f ti x bd s!cvdn j hsbLf !g3pn ! ! ! 1111!!!lk,3f ti x bd s!Lp!d f !pdf bo!Lp!csf f eCt qb( o!)f /h/ -!B n f sj cbo!f f rtY Diadromous fish: Cat i U brief of oe!po!cpd ksf ti x bd s!boe!pdf boil bcj dxf Lp!dpn grfxf !d fj s! ! ! life cycles. Collective term for anadromous and catadromous fish. Migratory fish: Fish that move between different habitats over the course of their life! ! ! cycles. Diadromous fish are a type of migratory fish. This term is used in! ! ! this Action Plan to represent diadromous fish. Sj wf s!i f ssj oh;!!!!!!!!!B !Lf sn !bggrjf e!dpnfidywf re!Lp!uc p!tj n j rbs!tgf l f t -!tft j g !boe!! ! ! !!!!!!!lcru cbd !i fssjoh/ Sfrfbtf! pgb! tLsgfe !cbtt!bUTLsgfsC#td3124/!Q pip!dpvsLftz!pglpi !Sbbcf/ IN Aksnes, D.L. 2007. Evidence for visual constraints in large marine fish stocks. Limnology and P df bophsbgi z!63)2 * ;2: 9.314/ Bt i rfv !L /!X /!boe!S /LY!Sbd f rfi!3122/!Dbgf !CI bs!Sjwf s!B n f `j cbo!t i be!sf dsf W pobnbohrfis!dsf f rtivswf z! 3122/!Opai !Dbsprjub!X j reiW !Sf t pvsdf t !Dpn n j ttj po -!G of dABj e!j o!gt i !Sf t Lpsby po- !(:t;plf dUG 33- !gobrti Sf gpsc+!Sbrfj hi / ASMFC. 1999. Amendment 1 to the interstate fishery management plan for shad & river herring. Fishery N bobhf o f oUSf gpsdOp /!46 -!X bt i j ohLpo -!E /D/ BTN CD /!3115 /!Tgf4ft!i bcj"gDddti ffd!g)s!BT(N D!n bobhfe!tgf4ftA N a x x /btn o&sW ASMFC. 2009. Amendment 2 to the interstate fishery management plan for shad & river herring. X bt i j ohLpo -!E /D/ ASMFC. 2010. Amendment 3 to the interstate fishery management plan for shad & river herring. X bt i j ohLpo -!E /D/ BTN CD /!3123/!Bn flcbo!Ffn'TLpd !Bttfttn foUSfgpsdg)s !Cffs!Sfvyfx /!Buboyd!Tilxft!N bsjof!Qti fsjft! Commission, Stock Assessment Report No. 12 -1 (supplement), Washington, DC. 303 p. BTTSIY! 3118/! Tdxvt !Sfvyfx!pdBuboyd!Tuishfpo!)Blgf off s!pyzsjod vt!pyzsjod vt * /!C�fgbsfe!cz!d f! Buboyd!Tuishfpo!TibLvt!Sfvyfx !lfbn !g)s!OPBB!gti fsjft/ Auld, A. H. and J. R. Schubel. 1978. Effects of suspended sediment on fish eggs and larvae: A laboratory bttfttn foLPFtLvbsjof!boe!DpbtUAN IA of!Tjf odf!!7)3*;264.275/ Cbrfit- !KEE /- !N /WDi bqn bo-! D/ WPcrjuhfs- !boe!KD /!Spccjot /!3114/!Opsd !Dbsprjub!EjtL�ddTdjfodf!Qbo;! T4 f odf !H pbrtlg)s !311403119 /!V/T /!Hf prphj cbr Tvswf z !P of o. q rfi!Sf gpsd3l l562136/!42!gq/!i M;Ctbd/x bJ sl vtht /hp gpsct M1521X( ee, ^gpscfged C buf rrW !3118 /!Fdpopn j d!Tvggpsdg)s!d f lFm i b!Sj \Af s!X bLf st i f e;!QobrtFdpopn j d!Di bsbdrf sj { by po!Sf gpscl with Monitoring Recommendations. Prepared for The Coastal Services Center, National Oceanic and Bun ptgi fsjd!Ben jojturx4po- !Bvhvtd26- !3118/ C f of of uj -!N /N / -!N /WSbcf s-!N /T /!Tn j d !boe!N4B /!Nf pobse /!3117 /!N j of sbrphj cbrt oej dbLpst!pdbrm\lbrfi tf ej n f odt pvsdf t !j o!d f !Dbgf !G bs!Sj \Af s!cbtj o -!Opsd !Dbsp!ub(!Q ztj d dHf phsbgi z!38 ;369.392/ Gvsl i pref s/!KNN /!3113/!DzbopcbdLf sj b(!.b fi Fodzclpgf ej blpdFo\ jspon f abrtN j dspcj prphzn!)H /!Ca u.po- !Fe/* -!! 63.: 93- !qq/!X j rfiz!Q✓co i f st -!OZJ Ovsl i prief s-!KN /- !E /B /!Ej d f z !D /!Lj oef s- !S /F /!Sf f e -!N /B /!N bnju -!H /!N f *!N /S /!N d_Ws4MC/!Dbi ppo -!D /! Cspx off -!O /!E f bn f s4WTgsj ohf s41 /C/!H rbt hpx -!E /!l pn t !boe!WTn j d /!3117/!Dpn qsf i f otjwf !u# oe!bobretj t ! pdovLsj f opt !boe!sf rtxf e"' bcrf t !j o!b!rbshf !f vLEpqi j d!f t Lvbsz ;!B !ef cbebrti uiez!pdbod spgphf of d!boe! climatic influences. Limnology and Oceanography 51:463 -487. DOD /B /! 3121 /! 3121! Xbds! Rvb*!SfgpsJ!2.9- !gq/!Bddittfe!bdi M:(bd.dg� v3/c4dgmt/dpn 0 Epdvn foLDfoafsa pn f Of0/y� xCP165P • : ••- • :• ••• •• •O• E ••••� �•.• •• �•. • •• •••� ISO •• •• S* MATOME 919- a• 1• — • • • •• C ••• •. • • • • ••s D•s u• D•• • • • •3 • •• • •• ••sd !Dbsprjub!EfqbsLn foUpdFovispon • ••- •• s• • s• •• •• •. • t •D • EjWDpsez!boe!BttpdjbLft!.bd( !3117 /!Dbgf!gbs!Sj\Afs!Bobespn pvt!gti !M !boelFhh!Tvs\Afz;!gobrti SfgpsL+!Op\Af n cfs!3117 /!V/T /!Bsn z!Dpsgt!pdFohjoffst -!Xjm johLpo!EjtLs cU!DpoLsbddOp /!X : 231 O. 16.E .1125 -!lbt I !P sef s!1126 /!http: / /www saw usace.army mil /wilmington- harbor /GRR/GRR files /Cape %20 Cf 31Sj\Afs&31Bobesbn pvt &31Qti &31 &31boe &3lFhh &3lTvsNfz &3lQo e Dumas, C.F., Schuhmann, P.W., and Whitehead, J.C. 2005. Measuring the economic Benefits of Water Quality Improvement with Benefit Transfer: An Introduction for Noneconomists. American Fisheries Tpdjf Lr-!Tzn gptjvn ;!i u:q -ak x x/bggtdxf /fev(Ax i jLf i f be!dCFdp47710Evn bt /qeq Earll, E.R., 1887. North Carolina and its Fisheries. Goode, G. B. The Fisheries and Fisheries Industry of the United States. Section II, 475 -497 pp. A geographical review of the fisheries industries and fishing dpn n voj yf t!g)s!d f !zf bs!2991 /!Vy6rmn f !dYlVoj Lf e!Tdxf t!Dpn n jttj po!pdQt i !boe!gt i f If t /!H pvf son f oil Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Fotj ho -!T /I /- !ISO /!1 bntiboe!N /B /!N bnju /!3115 /!Bgq po!pdej hj Lbrtcbd zn f r.sz!ebrb!jo!bo!bobretjt!pd flushing times of two North Carolina estuaries. Computers and Geosciences 30:501 -511. Fvf st- !E /D / -!Z/!1 bo- !D /LY!E sjtdpaTIO /D /!L bn n bo -!N /X /!HppebrfF!L /G!Mxt cf sL+!LYN /!I prtf o -!D2/! Di f o- !LYB /!Drhj s!boe!LY!O✓ufis'!3118 /!Cj prphj dbrfin f sdvsz!i pLtgpLt !j o!d f !Opsd f bt Lf so lVoj Lf e!TUD f t !boe! Tpvd f bt Lf so!Dbobeb(!Cj ptlf odf !68;3:.54/ Fay, C. W., R.J. Neves, and G.B. Pardue. 1983 Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (Mid - Atlantic) — striped bass. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Sf gpsUG( TIP CT 9302/9!- !47!q/! Federal Register. 2012. Final Rule, Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants: Final Listing E f Lf sn j oW pot !g)s!Lk p!Ej t yoddOpgvrbj po!Tf hn f opt !pdBuboyd!Tivshf po!) Bch of otf s! pyzsj od vt !pyzsj od vt *!j o!d f !Tpv d f bt Li!61 !D(S!Qmd 335- !grt88!)Op /!35 * /lV TlH pvi son f ou! g � X bt i j ohLpo.' E D-.' 6: 25.6: 93 -.' qq/ "� r Fischer, C.A. 1979. Anadromous fisheries research program, Cape Fear River System - Phase II. North Dbsprjub!E f gbsLn f odpd0bLvdA8f t pvsdf t !boe!Dpn n voj LY-!E f \Af rpgn f oL+!Ejvytj po!pdN bsj of !Qt i f If t -! 03phsf tt !Sf gpsdg)s!C3p1f dUB CDT. 26.2/!81 !qq/! Fischer, C.A. 1980. Anadromous fisheries research program Cape Fear River system phase II. North Dbsprjub!E f gbsrn f odpd0bLvdA8f t pvsdf t !boe!Dpn n voj LY-!E f \Af rpgn f oL+!Ejvytj po!pdN bsj of !Tf svydf t -! Dpn grfiy po!Sf gpsdg)s!C;plf dciB CDT. 264N psf i f be!Dj Lz !OD C3z !K(!H /!Yj bo / -!T /!I fo -ME f x j 4 -!D /!I pn f s4N4 Zboh -!D /!C bsof t 400 f spre- !boeMX j d i bn - !3122/! Dpn grfijpo!pdd f !3117!ONpobdLboe!Dp\Af s!E b-bcbtf !g)s!d f !DpoLf sn j opvt!Voj Lf e!Tdxf t -!CF' ST -!Wrtl 88): *;969.975/ G/oef scvsl - !T /!IV- !KB /!N j i vst I z !T /WI�lpsebo- !boe!E /!Sj rfp/!2:: 2/!I bcj "sf r vj sf n f opt !g)s!Di f t bqf bl f !CI7-! *oh!sf t pvsdf t /!I bcj "P clf dywf t !X psl hspvq- !Mjvyoh!Sf t pvsdf t !Tvcdpn n j of f !boe!Di f t bqf bl f !Sf tf bscf ! Dpotpajvn !xjd !bttjtrbodf!cgpn !N bszrboe!Efgbsrn fodpdObuisbrtSftpvsdit- !Tprpn pot -!N EP Gray, J. S., R. S. Wu, and Y.Y. Or. 2002. Effects of hypoxia and organic enrichment on the coastal marine f ovyspon f oLM bsj of lFdprphz!03phsf tt M If t!349-!35- .38- / Greene, K.E., J.L. Zimmerman, R.W. Laney, and J.C. Thomas - Blate. 2009. Atlantic coast diadromous fish i bcjdxa!B!sf\Ifx!pdvyrjfWpo -!d sfbct- !sfdpn n foebjpot !g)s!dpotf&AWpo- !boe!sftfbsci !of fet /!Buboyd! Tdxft!N Nof!Qti fsjft!Dpn n jttjpo!I bcj"N bobhf n fodTfsjft!Op /!: -!X bti johLpo- !E /D /! I bd of z !D /LY- !H /C%!Bwf sz !N4B /!Mf pobse -!N /!C ptf z !boe!LY!B rqi j o/!3118/!q prphj dmU f n j dmiboe!gi ztj dxt d bsbdcf sj t ydt !pdyebri*t i x bcf s!tx bn q!g)sf t d !pdd f !rpx f s!Dbgf !g bs!Sj \Af sCFt Lvbsz !Opsd !Dbsp#b -! Di becf s!9- !.b- !Dpoof s-!X /I MLYX /!E pzrf - !boe!L /X /!L sbvtt -!f et /!Fdprphz!pdUj ebrt3sf t i x bd s!C)sf t cf e! Wetlands in the Southeastern United States. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. I brMTJ qi f o!a!N j d bf riG!Tcl Wtoe!lpi o!LY!Qoof hbo /!2... /!Dpotf s bj po!Bttf tt n f odpgd f !Tpvd f bt d Dpbt j o!pd0psd !Dbsprjub -lVtj oh!Tj cf . P l f ocf e!boe!Mboetdbgf . P sj f ocf e!Bobretf t /!ODE FOS -!OD! Obwsbrh f sj cbhf !Cgphsbn - !Sbrfj hi -!OD /! Hawkins, J.H. 1980. Investigations of anadromous fishes of the Neuse River, North Carolina. North Carolina E f gbsrn f odpd0bLvsb %f t pvsdf t !boe!Dpn n voj LY_!E f \Af rpgn f oc+!N psf i f be!Dj Ly-- !OD/ Hill, J., J.W. Evans, and M.J. Van Den Avyle. 1989. Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (South Atlantic ) -- striped bass. Fish Wildl. Serv. / U.S. Bsn z!Dpsgt !pdFohj of f st -!Ca priiSf g/!93)22/229 *!QUSlFM 93.5 -!46q/ I pf of f -!L /!N /! 3123 /!B !HJT!lppd q psj y {j oh!E bn t !g)s!Sf n pvbrtac j d j o!d f !Tdxf !pd0psd !Dbsprjub(! N btcf4!d ftjt /!Evl f lVojwfstjLz!Evsi bn -!Opsd lDbsplub(! ME Ibbdt- !KE /!3122/!Di fn jdbrtabvft4hNpot!pdd f! NfLbcprWt! pdLKp! tAof !pcjlpyjd!DzbopcbdLfsjb(!Nbtd4! d f tj t /lVojwf stj LY-!pdOpsd !Dbsprjub!X j m j ohLpo -!X j m j ohLpo -!O /D/ U •• C • • :: E •• •:• n !joi • •• •• g) D• • y •••• -• • -• •• • •: •• •• •• • • h!d f!Bn f I ••• • • s•s •• • • it p• •• - t• g• -r• • h zvoh!IPp -!Svd /! 3122/! Q✓ c# !Xjn)uhoftt!Lp!gl7-!g)s!FdptztLfn !Tfsvydit ;!XbLfs!Rvb*!jo!d f!L4bohrfi! Sfhjpo!OD /!EvI f!Nbtdst!03p1fdr.!!i M;C)L'evI ftgbdfL# /evI f /fevCbtgbdfC idu9bn 0 boerfC21272(57650 N Q Sf gpsu Svd Itp /qe,g r of odF >2/ Kamman K., A.L. Blankenship, P.D. Jones and J.P. Giesy. 2000. Toxicity reference values for the toxic effects pdgpredi rpsjobLfe!cjgi fozrtIcp!brvNd!n bn n brfiil vn bo!FdprphjdbrtSjtl !Bttfttn fod7 ;292.312/ Lf oof ez !KlJ!boe!T /LY!X i brfio /!3119 /!Tf btpob*!boe!dpoLsprt1pdgi zLpgrbol rpo!gspevcy\ jLz!j o!d f !n j eerfi! Dbgf !(I bs!Sj\Af srlVTB /!I zespcj prphj b!6: 9;314.328/ Kruse, S.A. and Scholz, A.J. 2007. Preliminary Economic Assessment of Dam Removal: The Klamath River. FdpLbvt UX psl j oh!Cbgf s!Tf If t !Op /!3/ Lzobse- !CtF /!2:: 8 /!Njg !I j t rpsz !rb j uiej obrtgbuf sot- !boe!t rbLvt !pdd f !t i psLoptf !t uishf po -!Bdj of otf s! csf vyspt r.sv n /lFovyspo n f odij prphz!pdQt i f t!59-42- . 445/! N4 rn- B/ E/2:: 4 /!Hvjefluft!g)s!fvbmNoh!tfrfiojvn !ebcb!gpn !brvNd!n pojcpjoh!boe!bttfttn fodtuiejft /! Fo\ jspon f odxffl poj Lpsj oh!boe!Bttf tt n f od39 ;94.211/ Loomis, J. 1996. Measuring the economic benefits of removing dams and restoring the Elwha River- Results pdb!dpoyohf o N po!tvswf z(!X bLf s!Sf t pvsdf t !Sf tf bsci - !43)3* ;552.558/! Nppn jt- !WC/!2... /!Sf dsf Npo!boe!gbttj\Af M !vbmf t!gpn V n pvyoh!d f !ebn t !po!d f !Npx f s!Tobl f !Sjwf s! Lp!j odsf bt f !t bm po;!X brrb!X bnb-!X bti /- !Sfgpsdgpn l B[ AdvrrusbrtFocfsgsjtft- !.bd(!g)slV/T /!Bsn z!Dpsgt!pd Fohj of f st/ MacKenzie, C., L.S. Weiss - Glanz, and J.R. Moring. 1985. Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Report 82(11). N bn)u -!N /B /- !NaC/!Dbi ppo -!N /S /!N d- Ws- E/D /Ux� pot!boe!H /D /!Ti bol /!2... /!BrrfsoNpo!pdg)dLpst!# jyoh! qi zcpgrbol cpo!gspevdypo!jo!d f! Dbgf !gbs!FtLvbsz/!FtLvbsjft!33 ;: 96.:: 7/ Mallin, M.A, Williams, K. E., Esham, E. C., and Lowe, R. P. 2000b. Effects of Human Development on Cbckfsjprphjdx X bd s!Rvb*!jo!Dpbt LbtX bdsti fet /!Fdprphjdx Bggldajpot!21)5 *;2158.2167/! N bn)u -!N /B / -!N /S /!N d- Wsr!T /I /!Fotj ho!boe!N4C/!Dbi ppo /!3115/!0 pLptzod f yd!boe!i f Lf spcspgi j d!j n gbdct! pdovcsjfodrpbejoh!cp!crbd x bLfs!tufbn t /!Fdprphjd dBggqdajpot !25;934.949/ N bn)u -!N /B /- !V1(AVa!I4pi otpo -!T /I /!Fotjho!boe!LYB /!N bd0 fstpo /!3117 /!Cbck.pst!dpocsjcvyoh!cp!i zgpyjb!jo! I \Af st -!rbl f t !boe!t of bn t /!M n oprphz!boe!P df bophsbgi z!62;7: 1.812/ Mallin, M.A., V.L. Johnson and S.H. Ensign. 2009. Comparative impacts of stormwater runoff on water rvbrpz! pdbo! vscbo- !b!tvcvscbo- !boe!b!sysbritufbn /!Fovyspon focbrtN pojLpsjoh!boe!Bttfttn fod26: ;586. 5-2/ Mallin, M.A., M.R. McIver, M. Fulton and E. Wirth. 2011. Elevated metals and organic pollutants in fish boe!dbn t !j o!d f !Dbgf !Cl bs!Sjwf s!x bd st i f e/lBsd jwf t 1pdFovyspon f abrtDpabn j oN po!boe!lpyj dprphz! 72;572.582/ Marshall, M.D. 1976. Anadromous fisheries research program Tar River, Pamlico River, and Northern Cbn 4*!Sj\Afsl!Dpn grfxjpo !SfgpsUg)s!C;plfdUBCDT21 /!Opsu !Dbsp!ub!Ej\ jtjpo!pdN bsjof!gti fIft -! N psf i f be!Dj Lz !OD/ McDonald, M. 1887. The rivers and sounds of North Carolina. Pages 625 -637 in Goode, G. B. The Fisheries and Fisheries Industry of the United States. Section V. History and methods of the fisheries. Volume I. United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. N ptf sr!N /!N4- !wct!q d z !boe!T /!Ct!Spcf sct /!2 :: 9 /!Tuishf po!ej t Ls cvy po!j o!Opsd !Dbsprjub/!gohv gpsuLp! d f!V/T /!Bsn z!Dpsgt!pdFohjoffst -!X j johLpo!EjtLs dc+!X j johLpo -!OD/ Moser, M.L. 1999. Wilmington Harbor blast effect mitigation tests: results of sturgeon monitoring and fish cbhjoh!fygf`jn fod /!gobriSfgpscicp;!D[ S -1581: !DpnW!Bdsft!Esl- !XjmjohLpo -!OD/ Moser, M. L., A. M. Darazsdi, and J. R. Hall. 2000. Improving passage efficiency of adult American shad at rpx . f rf vJaj po!ebn t !x j 6 !ob\jhW po!rpd t /!Opsd !B n f `j cbo!I5vsobrtpdQt i f If t !N bobhf n f od31;487. 496/ ONpobdtN1Aof!gti fIft!Tfs\jdf!3122/!gti fIft!pdd fl VojLfe !Tilxft!3122/!Bddittfe!by!i M:axx/ t don ct /opbb/hpvD L20tn n f sdj ej oht Cboovbmrboej oht /i cn ripo!E f df n cf s!42- !3123/ ONpobdtNbsjof!gti fsjft!Tfs\jdf /!3123/!gti f`jft!Fdpopnjdt!pdd flVojde!Tdxft- !3122/!V/T /!Efgd! Dpn n f sdf -!OP B B !Lf d /!N f n p /!ON GT. G NCP . 229- !286q/!Bv4 rbcrfi!b4!i ugt ;01 x x /t don ct /opbb/hpv6Ct r60 qvc d ogoefy /i Ln m NCDENR. 2000. North Carolina fishery management plan: Albemarle Sound area river herring. North Dbsprjub!Ej \ jtj po!pdN bsj of !Qt i f sj f t -!N psf i f be!Dj Lz !OD/ ODE FOS /!3123/!Cbtj ox j of !.bg)sn N po!N bobhf n f odTzt Lf n !)CJJ T* /!Bddf ttf eWof !3123/! ODE N G!3118/!Opai !Dbsplub!gt i f sz!N bobhf n f odQbo -!B n f oen f od2 -!Sj \Af s!I f ssj oh/!Opsd !Dbsprjub! Ej\jtjpo!pjNbsjof !qt i fIft- !N psf i fbe!DjLz!OD/ ODE N G!3111/!Qt i !t bn grjuh!g)s!d f !qsf tf odf !ps!bctf odf !pdej tf btf /!.bLf sj n V gpsd$3;!N bsci !2... !. ! Kmvbsz!311 VE N G!N psf i f be!Dj ly !OD- 157!q/ ODE N G!3123/!Tcpd !TLbLvt!Sf gpsd3123/!Opsu !Dbsprjub!Ef gbsLn f odpdFovyspon f odboe!ObLvsbt Sftpvsdit -!Ej\ jtjpo!pdN IAof !qt i fIft -!N psfi f be!Dj Ly--!OD/! ODE N (3boe!ODX SD /!3115/!Opsu !DbsprjublFt Lvbsj of !Tisj of e!Cbtt !gt i f sz!N bobhf n f odQbo!g)s! B rof n bsrfi!Tpvoe!Bsf b!boe!Df ousbiffpvd f so!Bsf U!Opsu !Dbsprjub!Ejvytj po!pdN IA of !qt i f If t -!N psf i f be! Dj Lz !OD /! ODE N aboe!ODX SD /!3123/!Opai !Dbsprjub!B n f sj duo M be!Tvt rbj obcrfi!Qt i f sz!Qbo /!Opsu Ubsplub! Ej\jtjpo!pjNbsjof !Qt i fIft- !N psf i fbe!DjLz!OD /! ODE X R/!3116 /!Dbgf !C# bs!Sj \Af s!Cbtj ox j of !X bd s!Rvbr*!Qbo /!Opsu !Dbsp!ub!E f gbsLn f odpd Fo\ jspon f odboe!ObcvsWSf t pvsdf t- !Ejvytj po!pdX bcf s!Rvb*0Dimoj oh- !Sbrfj hi -!OD/ ODE R /!311: /!Dbgf!Gbs!Sjwfs!Cbtjo!Bn cjfoUNpojcpjoh!Tztcfn !SfgpsdKmvbsz!2- !3115!d spvhi ! E f df n cf s!42- !3119/!Opsu !Dbsp!ub!E f gbsLn f odpdFo\ jspon f ocbdboe!ObuisbrtSf t pvsdf t -!Ej \ jtj po!pd X bds!RvW!BvhvtU311: / ODEX R/!3122/!BriibrtBttfn crbhf!Bttfttn foct!jo!d f!Dbgf!Gbs!Sjwfs!jo!3121 /!Opsd !Dbsprjub!Ej\ jtjpo!pd X bcf s!Rvb* lFo\ jspon f ocbriTdj f odf M cy po- !Sbrfj hi -!OD4E f df n cf s!3122/ MwMi r• •• i • • <•• i • • • NCDWR. 2002. 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Upstream passage of anadromous fish through navigation locks and vtf !pcjd f !t u# bn !g)s!ovstf sz!boe!tgbx of oh!i bcj dx+!Dbgf !g bs!Sj\Af s -!Opsd !Dbsp#b -!2: 73.2: 77M V/T /!Qt i !boe!X j rerW !Tf svydf !Dj sdvrbs!463/ p D•c• u• ••0• s• • •• t • • • il•• • p• •• • • •• • 1 sftvrdQti t ChAd -! X/! T/-! boe! N /!N4!Nptfs(!3112/!Cpcfoybridpn gf4ypo!cfucffo!i zcsje !tLAgfe!cbtt!)Npspof!tbybrjrjt! y!N /!bn fsjcbob*! boe !tuAofe!cbtt!)N /!tbybjrp *!jo!d f!Dbgf!Clbs!Sj\Afs!ftuibsz!Opsd !Dbsp#b(!FtLv1Aft! 35;536.53: / Poff, N.L. and J.D. Allan. 1995. Functional organization of stream fish assemblages in relation to i zesprphj dxMA bcj oz(!Fdprphz !87)3 *;717.738/ Poff, N.L., J.D. Allan, M.B. Bain, J.R. Karr, K.L. Prestegaard, B.D. Richter, R.E. Sparks, and J.C. Stromberg. 1997. The natural flow regime: A paradigm for river conservation and restoration. BioScience 47(11):769- 895/ Reed, J.P. 1983. The Effects of Low Level Turbidity on Fish and Their Habitat. Issue 190 of Report. 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Historical review of American shad and river herring fisheries of the Susquehanna Si \Af s(!Tgf dj brtSf gpsULp!d f !Tvt r of i boob!Sj \Af s!Cbtj o!Dpn n j of f /r.\//T/!Qt i !boe!X j rerj# !Tf svjdF -! I bssj tcvsh- !GB /!51 !q/ Tif f r4W2:: 2/!B ruf n bsrfi. Cbn q*!Ft Lv bI of !Tzt Lf n Af d of d dbobretj t !pd!t rbLvt !boe!usf oet /!E FOS- !Sbrfj hi -! OD -!BC FPSf gpsd0p /!: 1.12/ Stein, B.A., L.S. Kutner, and J.S. Adams (Eds). 2000. Precious Heritage: The Status of Biodiversity in the Voj Lf e!Tdxf t/!Of x !Zpsl - !OZ;!Pyg)selVoj\dstj Lz!C)5f tt /! Thompson, W.B. 1852. Map of the Cape Fear and Deep Rivers from Fayetteville to Hancock's Mill showing d f !gptj 4po!pdd f !tf \Af sbrtrtpd t!boe!ebn t!boe!dbobrtfvgpo!d f !luf !pdd f !dpn gbozo!x psl t!)esbx o!cz! Thomas E O'Brien). Map on file at the North Carolina Archives. Raleigh, NC. VTG( T /!3122!OWpobn'Tvs\Afz!pdgti joh!I voyoh!' ! Xjrerj#! BttpdjbLfe !SfdsfNpo /!Tilxf!P\Afsvyfx ;! Cif # j obsz!Ft y n bd t /!V/T /!E f gbsun f odpdd f Wd sj ps-lV/T /!qt i !boe!X j rerj# !Tf svjdf / VTFC B/! 3111b(!Hvjebodf!g)s!Bttfttjoh!Di fnjdbrDpabnjobodEbLb !g)slVtf!jo!Qti !Be\jtpsjft- !V6Mnf!2;! Fish Sampling and Analysis. EPA - 823 -B -00 -007. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of X bd sr!X bt i j ohLpo -!E /D/ VTFC B/! 3111c /!Hvjebodf!g)s!Bttfttjoh!Di fnjdbrDpabnjobodEbLb !g)slVtf!jo!Qti !Be\jtpsjft- !Wrmnf! 3 ;!Sjtl !Bttfttn fodboe!gti !Dpotvn gypo!Njn jet /!FC6.934.0 .11.119 /!VojLfe!Tdxft!Fo\ jspon fob Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. X brovsh-!DR /- !boe!Q!S /!Oj d prfi'!2: 78 /!Ca prphz!boe!n bobhf n f odpdd f !B n f sj dbo!t i be!boe!t LbLvt !pdd f ! fisheries, Atlantic coast of the United States, 1960. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Special Science Report for Ceti fIft!Vybrmn f!Op /!661/ Weaver, J.C. and B.F. Pope. 2001. Low -Flow Characteristics and Discharge Profiles for Selected Streams j o!d f !Dbgf !Cl bs!Sj\Af s!Cbtj o -!Opsd !Dbsp#b -!d spvhi !2:: 9 /!V/T /!Hf prphj d rtTvsv1z!X bd s. Sf tpvsdf t! .bvftyhWpot!Sfgpsd12651: 5/! 252! qq /!i M:Avct /vtht /hpvufjCk 11251: 50' X f b\nf s-!KD /! 311: /!Bggbsf odGpx !Npttf t!j o!d f !Dbgf G bs!Sj\Af s'!V/T /!Hf prphj d dTvswf z/!! http: / /nc.water.us sg gov /pro'eci is /capefear flowloss /overview.html. Whalen, S.C. and L.L. Dubbs. 2005. Influence of nutrient reduction, light and light- nutrient interactions on qi zLpgrbol Lpo!t Lboej oh!t Lpd t -!qsj n bsz!gspevdyvyLz!boe!dpn n voj m!dpn gptj ypo!j o!d f !N j eerfi!Dbgf !G bs! Sj\Afs-!Opsu !Dbsprjub(! Njeerfi! Dbgf!C Ibs! Sj\ Afs! Cbtjo !BttpctNpo- !C:zfofvyrrfF!OD /!Lfd ofdbriSfgpsd Wharton, C. H., W.M. Kitchens, E.C. Pendleton, and T.W. Sipe. 1982. The ecology of bottomland hardwood swamps of the southeast: a community profile. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Services Program, X bt i j ohLpo- !E /D/!244!q/! X jotrpx-! T/! F/- !O /!T /!Tboefsrju- !H /!X /!Krez!WI /!I 13(1 jot- !C(!G!1 pnboe- !KY- !D /!B /!gtci fs-!boe!S /!B /! Rulifson. 1983. North Carolina anadromous fisheries management program. North Carolina Department pdObuisbrtSftpvsdit!boe!Dpn n vojLz Efwfrpgn fou!Ejvytjpo!pdN 1Aof!gti fIft- !Bobespn pvt!gti ! Dpotf&ANpo!BdL+!Dpn grfirjpo!SfgpsUBMT.27/ Yj bo- !H /- !boe!I pn f s!D /!3121 /lVgeNoh!d f !3112!OWpobdLboe!Dpvis!E b-bcbtf !j n of svypvt!tvs df ! gspevdLt!Lp!3117!vtj oh!Mboetbdj n bhf sz!d bohf !ef Lf dypo!n f d pet /!Sf n pLf !Tf otj oh!pgFovyspon f oL+! 225;2787.2797/ Zbsspx -!1 /!D /! 2985 /!Sf gpsdpdb!sf dpoobj tt bodf !pdd f !t i be. jam st !t pvd !pdd f !C "n bd/!Sf gpsdpd d f !Dpn n j ttj pof s!g)s!2983!boe!2984- !gbsd3 -!4: 7.513!gq/r\/ T /!Dpn n j ttj pof s!pdgt i !boe!gt i f sj f t -! X bt i j ohLpo -!E D/ TLs ofe!cbtt /!Q pLp!dpvsJtz!pg1 ti !Sbbcf/ � This plan came together thanks to the hard work of the following individuals: Jeff Adkins (NOAA) Kooj 4s!B rg)se!)V OD!Hsf f otcpsp* Lfjd lBti rfiz!)ODX SD* Kttj !Cbl f s!)ODE N G` N&oof of !CbuJ)BS* Sf cf dcb!Cf oof s!)UOD* Tifgi bojb!Cprefo!)OPBB* B sUOspx of ni) D(5X * L n q!Cvsef of !)D(SX I4pi o!Cvsl f!)gm fs!OPBB* DbUOvsot!)g)sn fs!UOD* MDssz!Dbi ppo!)VODX * Di j q!Dpn)f s!)ODE N G Opsb!Ef bn f s!)ODEX R* Boof !E f bLpo!)ODE N G CfLfs!Fex bset!)OPBB* I4pi o!Frrjrt!)VTG( T* N prm!Frm ppe!)g)sn f s!ODX SD* Lsjtyob!Qtd fs!)ODEB' D-PETX D* Lsjt!Hbn crfi!)OPBB* Di bsrpuf !Hrfio!)ODTV !Dppgf sbyvAf !FyLf otj po* Fnjm!Hsffof!)BDG 9 1pn !Hfspx!)OD!C?psftOfsvydf Di bell bn !)(bzf ufvyrrh!Q✓c#!X psl t!Dpn n jttjpo* Kmjof!I bs�t!)OPBB* Nfrbojf!I bssjt!)OPBB* Lf vyo!I bsd)ODE N G Moeb!I jd pl !)Evl f!Fofshz* Ipf !I j hi Lpx f s!)ODDG( SV* XjrtmMofz!)VTG( T* Ufssb!Nfefsi pvtf!)OPBB* N j I f !N bnjro!)VODX * Jeff Manning (NCDWQ) Ujn !NdDvof!)OPBB* N pshbo!N dl vhi !)OPBB* Lsjtyo!N j hvf {!)ODFF9 Njd frfi!Njrrfis!)OPBB* Di sjt!P-Lffqf!)Ofx !I bopwfs!DpvoLz* N j I f!Po {bz!)OPBB* E f boob!P t n poe!)ODTV !Dppgf sbj\Af !FyLf otj po* Fsjd!Qdipvbdt!)g)sn fs!Evl flVojwfstjLz* 0 j dCsf d !)Dj Lz!pdX j m j ohLpo* I4pti !Sbbcf !)ODD(( SV* Ti b( o!SbrtLpo!)Of x !I bopwf s!DpvoLz* Ej bob!Sbt i bt i !)ODTV !Dppgf sb4\Af !FyLf otj po* Judith Ratcliffe (North Carolina Natural Heritage C3phsbn * (34!Spi ef!)OPBB* E bo!Szbo!)UOD* Hjtfrrfi!Tbn poLf!)OPBB* I px bse!Td obcprh!)OPBB* Sphfs!Ti fbLt!)DCSB* Lfrm!Ti puf!)OPBB* Di It!Tifx bsd)ODEN G G sf e!lbsvf s!)ODEX S* Tom Thompson (Duke Energy) Ian V bdst!)g)sn fs!OPBB* N j I M j d fs!)VTG( T* W!X j ruf s!)OPBB* Svttf niX poh!)ODX SD* Ob-W !X pprbse!)ODE B' D-PE TX D* Cf oof u1X zoof !)ODX SD* Gsbol !Zf rWsLpo!)VTBDF* E b( o!Zpsl !) E D' B* IN : EE • : •• • t•• • 111 • • ••. • • • :••-�• • E 0 WercyleyerITIM! • BS!.lBn f I cbo!Sj \Af st BTN CD!o!Buboyd!Tdxft!N IAof!gti fIft!Dpn n jttjpo C N Q!o!C ftUn bobhf n fodgsbcydit CP E !o!q prphj cbripyzhf o!ef n boe E E• � •• E •. = M : • DCSX !. !Dbgf !g bs!Sj \Af s!X bcdi DGfl. !Dvcj d!gf f dqf s!tf dpoe E P !o!Ej tt prvt e!pyzhf o FEDt!o!Foepdoof!ejtsvgyoh!ci fnjc#brfi G3JGiP6!gf dqf s!tf dpoe G bzf of \Infn!C K D!O!C:zf of vyrrfi!Q/c#!X psl t !Dpn n j ttj po : * • �9• E •. •:• M• N H E . !N j n)po!hbrrpot !qf s!ebz •D • ••s D•s u• qbsLn f odpdFovispon f odboe!ObLvsbrt8f t • s• •• •• Dpbt LbrM bobhf n f • ODE N Qo!Opai !Dbsprjub!E f gbsLn f odpdFovyspon f odboe!ObLvdASf t pvsdf t !Ej \ jtj po!pd N bsjof!gti fIft! •D • ••sd !Dbsplub!EfqbsLn fodpdBhldvrnisf!boe!Dpotvn • •• •• • • D•• • •• ODEX R!o!Opsd !Dbsprjub!E f gbsrn f odpdFovyspon f odboe!ObLvdmSf t pvsdf t !Ejvytj po!pdX bLf s! Rv b* ODE S!o!Opsd !Dbsprjub!E f gbsrn f odpdFovyspon f odboe!ObuisbrtSf tpvsdf t!Ej\ jtj po!pdX bds! Sf t pv sdf t • D • • • • sd !Dbsprjub!E f qbsLn f • • • • s• • odboe!ObLvdASf t • -• • • Foi bodf n f odQqphsbn H i Fyd otj • ODX SD!. !Opal !Dbsp#b!X j retW !Sf t pvslt !Dpn n j ttj po TNC - The Nature Conservancy VTB DF!.!Voj Lf e!Tdxf t!B sn z!Dpsgt!pdFohjoffst! V TGC T!. lVoj Lf e!Tdxf t !Qt i !boe!X j reiW M svydf V TH T!o!Voj Lf e!Tdxf t !Hf prphj cbffvswf z IN Q hvsf !2;!Dbgf !C# bs!Sjwf s!C btj o/ :Haw giver •Creensb ro Durh pp tt - A'I�V� lei istlAw °" @rG Nh i�t �7 C R Cape Fear River Lillington Little River Smiley Fall Fayet eville • 0 cape... � Northeast No Legend Fear Ph c ape River Fear • City River A Place Elizabethtown Rivers x Counties Upper Basin Middle Basin cape Lower Basin Fear River ilmington Water Watershed Boundary 1 KY VA' � Xs GA sc ,, 0 10 20 30 40 Miles G �.. Q hvsf !3;!N blps!E bn t !j o!d f lVggf s!Dbgf !C# bs!Sjwf s!Cbtj o/ Oak Hollow Lake Oakdale Cotton Randleman City Cedar F Randolph Mill Ramsuer Wat 0 5.5 N 11 16.5 22 Miles law Dam Dam k Reservoir i unknown d(`tti'oI). 9 Legend Major Cape Fear Dams • City A Place Rivers Counties aWatershed Boundary Water Upper Basin Middle Basin Lower Basin 0 5.5 N 11 16.5 22 Miles law Dam Dam k Reservoir i unknown d(`tti'oI). 9 Qhvsf!4-!N lJps!Ebn t!jo!d f!Njeerfi!Dbqf!gbs!Sj\Afs!Cbtjo/! 9 E W Legend 0 Major Cape Fear Dams • City A Place Rivers Counties ...................... Watershed Boundary Water Upper Basin Middle Basin Lower Basin H flcscfvoif 0 5.5 11 16.5 22 Offl Im REMEMM Miles 9 a Q hvsf 15;!N blps!E bn t !j o!d f !Wx f s!Dbgf !C# bs!Sjwf s!Cbtj o/ Counties Watershed Boundary Water Upper Basin Middle Basin Lower Basin ilmington N 0 7 14 21 28 Miles 82 Figure 5: Anadromous fish spawning areas and primary nursery areas in the Cape Fear River basin. 83 Q hvsf !7;!Nboe!dpwf s!j o!d f !Dbgf !Cl bs!Sjwf s!cbtj o/ ��d��Ji sbtiS,�111�?�1t�liiW�tlti �a Q hvsf !9;!E pdvn f oaf eibibrtuppn t !j o!d f !Dbgf !CI bs!Sjwf s!cbtj o!j o!3121 !boe!3122/ Troublesome Creek Townsend Wor[hville Dam - Cox Lake Dam - Cedar Falls Dar Randolph Mill Lake Dam Ramsuer Water Supply Dam Ramsuer Dar Coleridge Da Robbins Raw" Millpond Dam n Dam ssipee Mill Dam Lake Legend ® Major Cape Fear Dams - 2011 Algal Blooms 2010 Algal Blooms • City ® Place Rivers Counties Watershed Boundary 7,.71 Water Upper Basin Middle Basin Lower Basin Cammack Dam i Raven Altamahaw Dam Stony Creek Dam k Creek Reservoir Unknown Dam ackintosh Dam r —U pper Swepsonville Dam Swepsonville Dam Unknown Dam Lock & Dam n Dam Lock & Hydro Dam n Harris Reservoir Dam ickhorn Dam Lock & ilmington � i t, gyp,, irk ir�ttt IN D dmmercial landings data on sturgeons were developed by Earll (1887). The estimated harvest was 62,000 lbs in 1880 with an average size of 60 lbs. This equates to 4,367 fish harvested. Assuming bdd f!i bs\Aftdxbtfl brzjd f!tgb(ojoh!tLpd - !bo!ftyn bLfe! gpgvrbjpo !tjIf!xbt!9-811!tLvshfpo!jo! f !Dbgf !G bs!Sj \Af J Ftyn bdt!pdBn fsjcbo!ti be!boe!sjwfsit fssjoh!xfsf!cbtfe!po!ftyn bd e!bdsf t!pgd f!Dbgf!Gbs!boe! Northeast Cape FearRivers available for spawning. The population size of American shad was based on W4 rbcrfi!i bcj dxl!Cptf oy brit q13( of oh!i bcj "x bt !6-29: !bdsf t !g)s!d f !n bj oft Lf n !Dbgf !G bs!Sjwf s-!3-:: 4! bdsf t !g)s!d f !Opsd f bt dDbgf !Cl bs!Sj \nf s- !boe!864!bdsf t !g)s!Ls cv dA f t /lVtj oh!d f !sv rft pg d v n c!f t y n bLf !g)s! density of 50 fish per acre for American shad (St. Pierre 1979) results in a total estimate for the Cape Fear River and its tributaries of 447,000 fish. River herring estimates were derived from the acreage and the ratio of commercial river herring harvest to American shad harvest (5:1 based on numbers of fish). The landings estimate was based on data presented in Chestnut and Davis (1975) for 1889, 1890, 1897, and 1902. The estimated run size of river herring was 2.3 million fish. TL, of e!cbt t !f t y n bd t !x f sf !ef I wf e!gpn U f !sby p!pgdpn n f sl brtnYmej o ht !gpn U f !B rof n bsrfi!t Lpd !x j d ! an estimated population size of 1 million fish and the Cape Fear River landings from 1889, 1890, 1897, and 1902 from Chestnut and Davis (1975). The striped bass estimate was 21,379 fish in the Cape Fear River spawning stock. Recent tagging work suggests a current population of several thousand fish (NCDMF unpublished research), so a target population size of 20,000 may be too low. The estimate of 100,000 fish x bt!vtf e!cbtf e!po!cf tdgsNttj pobrttvehn f oJUJx pvre!cf !vtf girtapfl b\nf !b%. vrfi. pg d vn c#g)s!tLAgf e!cbtt! tj n j rbs!tp!d f !n f d pe!vtf e!tp!hf of sbLf !dbshf dsvo!tj If t !g)s!B n f sj dbo!t i be /! Bn f I cbo!ti be /!Q pLp!dpvsJtz!pgODX SD/ J b!sfdfoUtLvez -!EvI f lVojwfstjLz!N btLfst!TuiefodLW rfifo!I pfof f!x psl fe!xjd !Bn fsjcbo!Sjwfst! !ef\Afrpq!bf(Opsd !Dbsprjub!Cossjfs!C : jpsjg {bgpo!lpprfILp!i frq!jog)sn !efJtjpot!po!gpLfogbrtebn n pv�brtgsplf dot !) I pf of f ! 3123 * /!C� psj g{ bg pot !x f sf !cbtf e!po!n f LAdt !d bdsf qsf tf oLf e!cpd !t pct bnboe! ological benefits of dam removals. The tool was developed using GIS, and used the following primary criteria to determine rankings: stream habitat quality, water quality, stream connectivity, stream flow, and public /social factors. This tool provides information to help identify and prioritize potential projects, but does not represent a final "ranking" Project priorities need to be determined based on ground -level j o\Af t g hbg pot !cz!j oaf sf t Lf e!bhf of f t !ps!pshboj { bg pot !boe!rboepx of s!x j njuhof WE bn V n pvbrtgsplf dLt !bsf ! \ApmoLbsz!boe!sf r vj sf !rboepx of s!dpotf od The master barrier dataset used in the study compiled dams from the North Carolina Dam Safety Database, d f! Brvbgd !Pctrsvdgpo!.b\AfoLpsz!boe!d fIVTBDFit iObgpobrtbvfoLpsz!pdEbn t /!Cpn Ujt!n bt Lf s!ebLbtf L+! bit n bnts!ebLU f dx bt !ef \Af rpgf e!g)s!vtf !j o!d f !qsj psj g{ bg po!Lpprhi bdpore!j ochaef e!ebn t !po!gf sf ooj brfi t of bn t- !boe!d ptf !x j d !n psf !d bo!2 -111 !qf f dvgt u f bn /!Tu f bn !dpoof dgvyLz!n f Ls dt -!tvci !bt !d f !ej t Lbodf ! vqt u f bn !pdb!ebn !Lp!d f !of ydebn -!x f sf !cbrdvrtxf e!vtj oh!UODVC bsOf s!Bttf tt n f od ppr4boe!n f d pet!gpn The Nature Conservancy's Northeast Aquatic Connectivity Assessment Project. Three prioritization scenarios were developed using this tool: (1) based solely on ecological criteria )f /h/ -!x bLf s!r vb* ! dpoof dgvyLY-- !i bcj LbL+!f ccV* -4)3 *!j ochaej oh!cpd !f dprphj cb boe!t pct brtdsj Lf `j b!)f /h/- !rboe! pxofsti jq- !vtf!pcjd f!ebn -! gsftfodf! pdnjnigpoet-! tbjLz! sbgoht *aboe!)4 *!g)dvtjoh!po!bobespn pvt! (migratory) fish (e.g., distance to spawning areas, number of downstream dams, stream flow). P dd f !n psf !d bo!2 211 !ebn t !j o!d f !Dbgf !g bs!Sjwf s!cbtj o- !346!x f sf !qsj psj q {f e!g)s!gpLf oq bV n pmbrivtj oh! the "anadromous fish scenario" This scenario used the following weights and criteria: 33/6& !po!d f !ov n cf s!pdt u f bn !n j fit !bcpwf !d f !ebn !) dpoof dgvyLY_!sbol * 33/6& !po!d f !Lpib tovn cf s!pdt u f bn !n j rf t !d bdx pvre!cf !sf dpoof cif e!)dpoof dgvyLz!sbol 20% on stream flow / stream size (flow rank) 26&!po!ejtLbodf!Lp!I opxo!Bobespn pvt!Qti !Tgb(ojoh!Bsfb!)i bcj"sbol 21 &!po!x bds!rvboz!)x bd s!r vboz!sbol * 6& !po!d f !ovn cf s!pdebn t !epx of u f bn !pdd f !ebn !) dpoof d j\ jLz!sbol 6&!po!rpdbgpo!xjd jo!I jtrpsjcbdBobespn pvt!Qti !Tgb( ojoh!BsfU)i bcj"sbol These criteria were weighted and combined into four main category ranks as shown in parentheses above. It is important to note that the user of the tool may manipulate the criteria and their weights to look at specific of tj sf e!g)dLpstP Figure 9 and Table 1 show the results of the "anadromous fish scenario' described above for the Cape Fear River basin. The top 5 percent and 10 percent of priorities are shown, listed alphabetically by state ID. These results do not consider feasibility or ownership interest, and therefore do not reflect whether a dam should be removed or have fish passage. Each potential project would require additional individual investigation to ofLfsnjof!4btjcj*!boe!pxofsti jq!joafsftdjo!d f!gsplfW in Q hvsf !: ;!Sf tvrrf !pdd f !( Bobespn pvt !gt i !Tdf obey pnig)s!d f !Dbgf !Cl bs!Sjwf s!cbtj o!)cgpn !B n f sj cbo!Sjwf st */! IN l bcrfi!2;!Sf tvrrf !pdd f !( B obespn pvt !Qt i !Tdf obey pnlg)s!d f !Dbgf !Cl bs!Sjwf s!cbtj o /!Ti px j oh!d f !Lpq!6& !boe! 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